Texas

Population 30,188,424

6 Sources Updated September 10, 2026

30.2M

Population

334,922,499 U.S.

$78,476

Median Income

$80,734 national

$2,769.8B

GDP (current $), change real

4.1%

Unemployment

4.0% national

Community Data / United States / Texas

County Map Demographics Economy Industry Concentration Housing Workforce Counties AI Insights

County Map

Click a county to view its economic profile

Demographics & Population

Census Bureau American Community Survey 2020-2024 · 5-Year Estimates

Household Income

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates

Median Household

$78,476

Per Capita

$40,752

Mean Household

$109,933

Poverty Rate

13.8%

Age & Race / Ethnicity

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Table B01001, B02001, B03003

Cohorts

Under 18 · 25%

18-34 · 24.2%

35-54 · 26.3%

55-64 · 11.1%

65+ · 13.4%

Race & Ethnicity

White48.5%

Two or More Races23.5%

Black or African American12.2%

Some Other Race9.3%

Asian5.6%

American Indian and Alaska Native0.7%

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander0.1%

Hispanic or Latino(any race)39.7%

Hispanic or Latino is an ethnic category and overlaps with the race categories above.

Educational Attainment

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · Population 25+

86%

High School+

National: 89.6%

3.6 pts

33.8%

Bachelor's+

National: 35.7%

1.9 pts

12.3%

Graduate+

National: 14.1%

1.8 pts

Employment Overview

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates

30,188,424

Population

15,233,563

Labor Force

Employed

14,431,125

Unemployment Rate BLS LAUS 2024 annual

4.1%

2025 is not shown for Texas: a state annual average needs all 12 months and the Bureau of Labor Statistics has published 11. County pages draw on the separate annual series and may show 2025.

Mean Commute

26.7 min

Work From Home vs 15.1% national

14.4%

Labor Force and Employed are ACS 5-Year survey estimates; the Unemployment Rate above comes from BLS LAUS, a separate monthly survey with its own methodology. The two won't reconcile by subtracting one from the other.

Texas's median household income sits 3% below the national median. At 13.8%, its poverty rate runs 1.3 pts above the ~12.5% national level, relevant for federal funding eligibility narratives. Bachelor's-or-higher attainment of 33.8% trails the national average of 35.7%.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates (released December 2025). Figures reflect the most recent Census release, older news reports may cite prior vintages.

Key Takeaways

Income near the national median: Median household income tracks the national median, indicating a broad-based consumer market.
Broadly in line with U.S. norms across income, poverty, education, and age.

Economy & Industry

Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW · Bureau of Economic Analysis

$2,769.8B

Gross Domestic Product · 2024

Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis · CAGDP2 Regional GDP

97.057

Cost of Living - Below Avg

Top Private-Sector Industries by Employment

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics · Quarterly Census of Employment & Wages 2025 Annual · Private sector only, with government shown below

Top private-sector industries by employment in Texas, with employment, share of top sectors, and average wage. Government employment is excluded and reported separately below the table.
Industry	Employment	% of Top Sectors	Avg Wage
1Health Care and Social Assistance	1,717,199	16.7%	$63,513
2Retail Trade	1,403,856	13.7%	$44,170
3Accommodation and Food Services	1,357,378	13.2%	$27,751
4Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services	1,061,831	10.3%	$127,878
5Manufacturing	988,649	9.6%	$97,490
6Construction	901,963	8.8%	$86,802
7Administrative and Support and Waste Management	890,214	8.7%	$63,957
8Finance and Insurance	661,370	6.4%	$125,538
9Wholesale Trade	650,518	6.3%	$112,965
10Transportation and Warehousing	640,606	6.2%	$77,667

Government employment · context only

2,045,903

Public-sector jobs are not in the table above and are not part of any share or location quotient on this page. Both are measured on the private economy only, 12,064,054 private jobs in 2025: every location quotient divides by that total, and the % of Top Sectors column divides by the sectors listed above. Private employment is the standard basis for measuring industry concentration because government employment mostly serves the resident population rather than an outside market. Nothing on this card is expected to add up with the government figure.

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Key Takeaways

Largest private-sector industry: Health Care and Social Assistance employs 1,717,199 workers (16.7% of the tracked sectors), at an average wage of $63,513. Every industry figure on this page is private sector; government employs a further 2,045,903 and is counted separately.
Economic scale: State GDP of $2,769.8B (2024).
Wage stratification: Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services averages $127,878 while Accommodation and Food Services averages $27,751, a 4.6x spread in the same economy, with implications for workforce development and talent strategy.

Source: BLS QCEW + BEA Regional GDP (CAGDP2).

Industry Concentration

Location Quotient measures regional specialization vs. national average. LQ > 1.0 = concentrated.

Chart source: BLS QCEW · broad NAICS supersector · private sector · Location Quotient vs. national private-sector employment share. The same supersector axes appear on every profile, so the shape can be compared across geographies.

Concentrated Industries

List source: BLS QCEW · 3-digit NAICS sub-sector · private sector · Location Quotient vs. national private-sector employment share.
Same source and same private-sector basis as the Top Industries table above. These sit at a finer level than the chart's supersector axes, so the two sets of values are not directly comparable. The sub-sector view surfaces specialization the supersector view masks, such as Oil and Gas Extraction here.

Oil and Gas Extraction

6.19x

65,524

Support Activities for Mining

5.41x

130,445

Pipeline Transportation

4.64x

23,588

Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing

2.19x

4,700

Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing

2.15x

21,252

Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction

1.86x

199,784

Attraction Opportunities - Below-Average Industries

LQ < 0.5, below-average employment, screened against industrial power cost. Source: BLS QCEW · 3-digit NAICS sub-sector

0.23x

Web Search Portals, Libraries, and Archives

3,655 employed

0.27x

Textile Mills

1,982 employed

0.28x

Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation

764 employed

0.31x

Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry

10,503 employed

0.37x

Forestry and Logging

1,553 employed

0.37x

Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation

18,892 employed

0.39x

Crop Production

18,542 employed

0.49x

Internet Publishing and Broadcasting

15,093 employed

Screened on industrial power cost only. Industrial electricity in Texas costs 6.55¢/kWh against 8.62¢/kWh nationally (2025). Land area and freight access are not assessed at state level. Source: EIA.

Key Takeaways

Top specialization: Oil and Gas Extraction concentrates at 6.19x the national norm, top-decile concentration, the kind of signature sector that defines a region's economic identity.
Cluster depth: 6 sub-sectors register LQ ≥ 1.5, suggesting an interconnected industrial base across the state.
Attraction whitespace: 8 sub-sectors register LQ < 0.5, candidates for diversification or recruitment.

Source: BLS QCEW sub-sector Location Quotients.

Industry Employment Composition

Texas's Top Sectors by Workforce Share

Each rectangle's area is proportional to that sector's share of the top private supersectors. Hover for exact employment.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW 2025 Annual · Private sector, NAICS supersectors

Housing & Affordability

Census ACS · HUD Fair Market Rents FY2026

Housing Overview

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2024 5-Year Estimates · Tables B25001, B25077, B25064

$283,800

Median Home Value vs 2019

$1,403

Rent/Mo

62.6%

Owner-Occ

9.4%

Vacancy

3.6x

Home Value to Income Ratio

vs. ~4.1x national average

HUD Fair Market Rents (Statewide)

Renter-household-weighted average across 254 Fair Market Rent areas · Source: HUD · Fair Market Rents FY2026 · Affordability threshold and renter cost burden from Census ACS B25119, B25070

Studio

$1,243/mo$671 to $1,582

1 Bedroom

$1,308/mo$742 to $1,648

2 Bedroom

$1,557/mo$973 to $1,931

3 Bedroom

$2,029/mo$1,167 to $2,431

4 Bedroom

$2,466/mo$1,288 to $3,091

30% of monthly median renter household income (~$1,331/mo, from a renter median of $53,222) · rents above this line are typically considered cost-burdened.

Measured: 48.5% of renter households already pay 30% or more of income on rent, and 23.6% pay 50% or more.

Key Takeaways

In line with national: Home value to income ratio of 3.6x sits near the ~4.1x national average; affordability is neither a clear advantage nor a recruitment friction.
Affordable rent tiers: 2 of 5 HUD Fair Market Rent bedroom sizes sit below what a household on the median renter income of $53,222 can pay without cost burden (~$1,331/mo), and 48.5% of renter households are measured as cost-burdened.

Source: Census ACS housing tables.

Workforce Pipeline

Labor force readiness, commuting, and workforce composition

Labor Market Overview

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Tables B01001, B23025, B08303, B08301

18,587,524

Working Age (18-64) vs 2019

vs 2019

Mean Commute

26.7 min

Work From Home vs 15.1% national

14.4%

Education & Talent Pipeline

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · College Scorecard

Bachelor's+

33.8%

HS Diploma+

86%

6 Largest Institutions by Credentials Awarded

Degrees, certificates, and other credentials awarded last academic year (College Scorecard).

Texas A&M University-College Station 20,117/yr

The University of Texas at Austin 17,432/yr

The University of Texas at Arlington 13,900/yr

Lone Star College System 11,449/yr

University of North Texas 11,197/yr

Dallas College 10,913/yr

Aging Workforce

Source: Census Bureau ACS · Derived from age & employment tables

18%

55-64 of working-age population (18-64)

Same cohort is 11.1% of total population, the basis used in the Demographics cohort chart.

Workforce by Occupation

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table C24010 · Civilian employed population 16+

Management / Professional

40.8%

Service

16%

Sales & Office

20.5%

Construction / Maint.

9.9%

Production / Transport

12.8%

Bars are drawn on a 0% to 60% axis, so bar length is proportional to actual share. Labels give each group's share of 14,431,125 employed workers.

Key Takeaways

Healthy participation: 67.8% of the population aged 18+ is in the labor force, reflecting a steady, available workforce statewide.

Source: ACS workforce data.

County Profiles

254 counties in Texas

AI Insights

Sample output. Pulse AI analysis draws on 6 federal data sources.

Sample AI Insight

Texas shows strong potential for oil and gas extraction attraction, with a 6.19x concentration and 65,524 jobs in this sub-sector.

Cluster depth across oil and gas extraction, support activities for mining, and pipeline transportation creates supply-chain attraction leverage, a structural advantage for industrial recruitment.

Industry Shift Analysis

Manufacturing Automation Risk

High

Healthcare Growth Forecast

+4.2% CAGR

Remote Work Migration

67/100

Prospect Match Scores

Advanced Manufacturing

92/100

Life Sciences

84/100

Data Centers

71/100

Illustrative example

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Data Sources

Updated from official federal government data.

Census ACS 5-Year2024

BLS QCEW2025

BEA Regional GDP2024

Census CBP2024

HUD Fair Market RentsFY2026

USAspending.govFY2026

Frequently Asked Questions

Key economic and demographic figures for Texas, from federal data sources.

What is the population of Texas?

30,188,424 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).

What is the median household income in Texas?

$78,476 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).

What is the unemployment rate in Texas?

4.1% (2024 annual average, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS).

What is the GDP of Texas?

$2,769.8B (BEA CAGDP2 (Regional)).

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