Indiana

Population 6,851,073

6 Sources Updated September 10, 2026

6.9M

Population

334,922,499 U.S.

$71,957

Median Income

$80,734 national

$519.5B

GDP (current $), change real

Unemployment

4.0% national

Community Data / United States / Indiana

County Map Demographics Economy Industry Concentration Housing Workforce Counties AI Insights

County Map

Click a county to view its economic profile

Demographics & Population

Census Bureau American Community Survey 2020-2024 · 5-Year Estimates

Household Income

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates

Median Household

$71,957

Per Capita

$38,351

Mean Household

$95,247

Poverty Rate

12.3%

Age & Race / Ethnicity

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Table B01001, B02001, B03003

Cohorts

Under 18 · 23.3%

18-34 · 22.8%

35-54 · 24.7%

55-64 · 12.5%

65+ · 16.8%

Race & Ethnicity

White77.1%

Black or African American9.2%

Two or More Races7.3%

Some Other Race3.4%

Asian2.6%

American Indian and Alaska Native0.3%

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander0%

Hispanic or Latino(any race)8.6%

Hispanic or Latino is an ethnic category and overlaps with the race categories above.

Educational Attainment

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · Population 25+

90.4%

High School+

National: 89.6%

+0.8 pts

29.5%

Bachelor's+

National: 35.7%

6.2 pts

10.8%

Graduate+

National: 14.1%

3.3 pts

Employment Overview

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates

6,851,073

Population

3,472,016

Labor Force

Employed

3,323,528

Unemployment Rate BLS LAUS 2024 annual

2025 is not shown for Indiana: a state annual average needs all 12 months and the Bureau of Labor Statistics has published 11. County pages draw on the separate annual series and may show 2025.

Mean Commute 2 min below national avg

24.1 min

Work From Home vs 15.1% national

10.7%

Labor Force and Employed are ACS 5-Year survey estimates; the Unemployment Rate above comes from BLS LAUS, a separate monthly survey with its own methodology. The two won't reconcile by subtracting one from the other.

Indiana's median household income sits 11% below the national median. At 12.3%, its poverty rate runs 0.2 pts below the ~12.5% national level, relevant for federal funding eligibility narratives. Bachelor's-or-higher attainment of 29.5% trails the national average of 35.7%.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates (released December 2025). Figures reflect the most recent Census release, older news reports may cite prior vintages.

Key Takeaways

Income gap: Households earn meaningfully less than the national median, affecting retail demand, housing absorption, and tax base statewide.
Talent gap: Bachelor's-or-higher attainment trails the national average by 6.2 pts, relevant for advanced-services attraction strategy.

Economy & Industry

Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW · Bureau of Economic Analysis

$519.5B

Gross Domestic Product · 2024

Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis · CAGDP2 Regional GDP

93.329

Cost of Living - Below Avg

Top Private-Sector Industries by Employment

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics · Quarterly Census of Employment & Wages 2025 Annual · Private sector only, with government shown below

Top private-sector industries by employment in Indiana, with employment, share of top sectors, and average wage. Government employment is excluded and reported separately below the table.
Industry	Employment	% of Top Sectors	Avg Wage
1Manufacturing	517,571	22.5%	$83,998
2Health Care and Social Assistance	459,503	20.0%	$65,157
3Retail Trade	312,658	13.6%	$38,530
4Accommodation and Food Services	271,862	11.8%	$23,989
5Administrative and Support and Waste Management	170,278	7.4%	$48,437
6Transportation and Warehousing	166,493	7.2%	$60,808
7Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services	150,865	6.6%	$96,526
8Finance and Insurance	104,176	4.5%	$98,646
9Other Services (except Public Administration)	95,555	4.1%	$47,078
10Educational Services	54,177	2.4%	$54,828

Government employment · context only

399,677

Public-sector jobs are not in the table above and are not part of any share or location quotient on this page. Both are measured on the private economy only, 2,790,648 private jobs in 2025: every location quotient divides by that total, and the % of Top Sectors column divides by the sectors listed above. Private employment is the standard basis for measuring industry concentration because government employment mostly serves the resident population rather than an outside market. Nothing on this card is expected to add up with the government figure.

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Key Takeaways

Largest private-sector industry: Manufacturing employs 517,571 workers (22.5% of the tracked sectors), at an average wage of $83,998. Every industry figure on this page is private sector; government employs a further 399,677 and is counted separately.
Economic scale: State GDP of $519.5B (2024).
Wage stratification: Finance and Insurance averages $98,646 while Accommodation and Food Services averages $23,989, a 4.1x spread in the same economy, with implications for workforce development and talent strategy.

Source: BLS QCEW + BEA Regional GDP (CAGDP2).

Industry Concentration

Location Quotient measures regional specialization vs. national average. LQ > 1.0 = concentrated.

Chart source: BLS QCEW · broad NAICS supersector · private sector · Location Quotient vs. national private-sector employment share. The same supersector axes appear on every profile, so the shape can be compared across geographies.

Concentrated Industries

List source: BLS QCEW · 3-digit NAICS sub-sector · private sector · Location Quotient vs. national private-sector employment share.
Same source and same private-sector basis as the Top Industries table above. These sit at a finer level than the chart's supersector axes, so the two sets of values are not directly comparable. The sub-sector view surfaces specialization the supersector view masks, such as Primary Metal Manufacturing here.

Primary Metal Manufacturing

5.34x

40,564

Transportation Equipment Manufacturing

3.34x

121,549

Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing

3.10x

21,634

Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing

2.58x

37,829

Chemical Manufacturing

2.04x

38,178

Miscellaneous Manufacturing

2.02x

25,910

Machinery Manufacturing

1.97x

44,818

Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing

1.87x

55,925

Wood Product Manufacturing

1.72x

14,479

Warehousing and Storage

1.69x

67,506

+ 5 more sub-sectors at LQ ≥ 1.5, holding a further 80,079 jobs. See the spider chart for the broader picture.

Attraction Opportunities - Below-Average Industries

LQ < 0.5, below-average employment, screened against industrial power cost. Source: BLS QCEW · 3-digit NAICS sub-sector

0.05x

Monetary Authorities - Central Bank

21 employed

0.09x

Support Activities for Mining

480 employed

0.11x

Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation

70 employed

0.26x

Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry

2,045 employed

0.31x

Apparel Manufacturing

518 employed

0.31x

Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation

3,690 employed

0.32x

Air Transportation

3,779 employed

0.36x

Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries

2,768 employed

Screened on industrial power cost only. Industrial electricity in Indiana costs 8.89¢/kWh against 8.62¢/kWh nationally (2025). Land area and freight access are not assessed at state level. Source: EIA.

Key Takeaways

Top specialization: Primary Metal Manufacturing concentrates at 5.34x the national norm, top-decile concentration, the kind of signature sector that defines a region's economic identity.
Cluster depth: 15 sub-sectors register LQ ≥ 1.5, suggesting an interconnected industrial base across the state.
Attraction whitespace: 8 sub-sectors register LQ < 0.5, candidates for diversification or recruitment.

Source: BLS QCEW sub-sector Location Quotients.

Industry Employment Composition

Indiana's Top Sectors by Workforce Share

Each rectangle's area is proportional to that sector's share of the top private supersectors. Hover for exact employment.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW 2025 Annual · Private sector, NAICS supersectors

Housing & Affordability

Census ACS · HUD Fair Market Rents FY2026

Housing Overview

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2024 5-Year Estimates · Tables B25001, B25077, B25064

$218,200

Median Home Value vs 2019

$1,062

Rent/Mo

70.6%

Owner-Occ

8.8%

Vacancy

3.0x

Home Value to Income Ratio

vs. ~4.1x national average

HUD Fair Market Rents (Statewide)

Renter-household-weighted average across 92 Fair Market Rent areas · Source: HUD · Fair Market Rents FY2026 · Affordability threshold and renter cost burden from Census ACS B25119, B25070

Studio

$948/mo$659 to $1,233

1 Bedroom

$1,044/mo$729 to $1,267

2 Bedroom

$1,255/mo$956 to $1,473

3 Bedroom

$1,589/mo$1,146 to $1,907

4 Bedroom

$1,858/mo$1,266 to $2,338

30% of monthly median renter household income (~$1,070/mo, from a renter median of $42,811) · rents above this line are typically considered cost-burdened.

Measured: 44.4% of renter households already pay 30% or more of income on rent, and 22.2% pay 50% or more.

Key Takeaways

In line with national: Home value to income ratio of 3.0x sits near the ~4.1x national average; affordability is neither a clear advantage nor a recruitment friction.
High home ownership: 70.6% owner-occupied; rental supply may be tight for incoming workers.
Affordable rent tiers: 2 of 5 HUD Fair Market Rent bedroom sizes sit below what a household on the median renter income of $42,811 can pay without cost burden (~$1,070/mo), and 44.4% of renter households are measured as cost-burdened.

Source: Census ACS housing tables.

Workforce Pipeline

Labor force readiness, commuting, and workforce composition

Labor Market Overview

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Tables B01001, B23025, B08303, B08301

4,109,025

Working Age (18-64) vs 2019

vs 2019

Mean Commute 2 min below national avg

24.1 min

Work From Home vs 15.1% national

10.7%

Education & Talent Pipeline

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · College Scorecard

Bachelor's+

29.5%

HS Diploma+

90.4%

6 Largest Institutions by Credentials Awarded

Degrees, certificates, and other credentials awarded last academic year (College Scorecard).

Ivy Tech Community College 31,118/yr

Purdue University Global 15,107/yr

Purdue University-Main Campus 13,356/yr

Indiana University-Bloomington 11,087/yr

Indiana University-Indianapolis 8,172/yr

Ball State University 6,518/yr

Aging Workforce

Source: Census Bureau ACS · Derived from age & employment tables

20.9%

55-64 of working-age population (18-64)

Same cohort is 12.5% of total population, the basis used in the Demographics cohort chart.

Elevated retirement risk, above the 20% threshold. Succession planning recommended.

Workforce by Occupation

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table C24010 · Civilian employed population 16+

Management / Professional

38%

Service

15.2%

Sales & Office

19.1%

Construction / Maint.

8.7%

Production / Transport

19.1%

Bars are drawn on a 0% to 40% axis, so bar length is proportional to actual share. Labels give each group's share of 3,323,528 employed workers.

Key Takeaways

Healthy participation: 66.1% of the population aged 18+ is in the labor force, reflecting a steady, available workforce statewide.

Source: ACS workforce data.

County Profiles

92 counties in Indiana

AI Insights

Sample output. Pulse AI analysis draws on 6 federal data sources.

Sample AI Insight

Indiana shows strong potential for primary metal manufacturing attraction, with a 5.34x concentration and 40,564 jobs in this sub-sector.

Cluster depth across primary metal manufacturing, transportation equipment manufacturing, and furniture and related product manufacturing creates supply-chain attraction leverage, a structural advantage for industrial recruitment.

Industry Shift Analysis

Manufacturing Automation Risk

High

Healthcare Growth Forecast

+4.2% CAGR

Remote Work Migration

67/100

Prospect Match Scores

Advanced Manufacturing

92/100

Life Sciences

84/100

Data Centers

71/100

Illustrative example

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Data Sources

Updated from official federal government data.

Census ACS 5-Year2024

BLS QCEW2025

BEA Regional GDP2024

Census CBP2024

HUD Fair Market RentsFY2026

USAspending.govFY2026

Frequently Asked Questions

Key economic and demographic figures for Indiana, from federal data sources.

What is the population of Indiana?

6,851,073 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).

What is the median household income in Indiana?

$71,957 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).

What is the unemployment rate in Indiana?

4% (2024 annual average, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS).

What is the GDP of Indiana?

$519.5B (BEA CAGDP2 (Regional)).

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