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Idaho

Population 1,934,262
6 Sources Updated September 10, 2026
1.9M
Population
334,922,499 U.S.
$77,800
Median Income
$80,734 national
$129B
GDP (current $), change real
3.6%
Unemployment
4.0% national
Community Data / United States / Idaho

County Map

Click a county to view its economic profile

Demographics & Population

Census Bureau American Community Survey 2020-2024 · 5-Year Estimates

Household Income

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
Median Household
$77,800
Per Capita
$38,952
Mean Household
$102,747
Poverty Rate
10.6%

Age & Race / Ethnicity

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Table B01001, B02001, B03003
65+: 17% (328,636 residents) 55-64: 11.7% (225,827 residents) 35-54: 24.4% (471,908 residents) 18-34: 22.8% (441,708 residents) Under 18: 24.1% (466,183 residents) 37 Median Age
Cohorts
Under 18 · 24.1%
18-34 · 22.8%
35-54 · 24.4%
55-64 · 11.7%
65+ · 17%
Race & Ethnicity
White81.7%
Two or More Races9.7%
Some Other Race5.1%
Asian1.4%
American Indian and Alaska Native1.2%
Black or African American0.8%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander0.2%
Hispanic or Latino(any race)13.6%
Hispanic or Latino is an ethnic category and overlaps with the race categories above.

Educational Attainment

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · Population 25+
91.9%
High School+
National: 89.6%
+2.3 pts
31.8%
Bachelor's+
National: 35.7%
3.9 pts
10.5%
Graduate+
National: 14.1%
3.6 pts

Employment Overview

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
1,934,262
Population
954,904
Labor Force
Employed
919,255
Unemployment Rate BLS LAUS 2024 annual
3.6%
2025 is not shown for Idaho: a state annual average needs all 12 months and the Bureau of Labor Statistics has published 11. County pages draw on the separate annual series and may show 2025.
Mean Commute 5 min below national avg
21.6 min
Work From Home vs 15.1% national
13.3%
Labor Force and Employed are ACS 5-Year survey estimates; the Unemployment Rate above comes from BLS LAUS, a separate monthly survey with its own methodology. The two won't reconcile by subtracting one from the other.
Idaho's median household income sits 4% below the national median. At 10.6%, its poverty rate runs 1.9 pts below the ~12.5% national level, relevant for federal funding eligibility narratives. Bachelor's-or-higher attainment of 31.8% trails the national average of 35.7%.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates (released December 2025). Figures reflect the most recent Census release, older news reports may cite prior vintages.
Key Takeaways
  • Income near the national median: Median household income tracks the national median, indicating a broad-based consumer market.
  • Broadly in line with U.S. norms across income, poverty, education, and age.

Economy & Industry

Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW · Bureau of Economic Analysis

$129B
Gross Domestic Product · 2024
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis · CAGDP2 Regional GDP
95.494
Cost of Living - Below Avg

Top Private-Sector Industries by Employment

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics · Quarterly Census of Employment & Wages 2025 Annual · Private sector only, with government shown below
IndustryEmployment% of Top SectorsAvg Wage
1Health Care and Social Assistance		 125,530 19.7%
$58,895
2Retail Trade		 93,991 14.7%
$42,379
3Accommodation and Food Services		 78,223 12.3%
$24,369
4Manufacturing		 74,296 11.6%
$86,864
5Construction		 72,070 11.3%
$70,753
6Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services		 52,852 8.3%
$100,148
7Administrative and Support and Waste Management		 47,505 7.4%
$56,073
8Wholesale Trade		 36,142 5.7%
$90,376
9Transportation and Warehousing		 28,937 4.5%
$55,518
10Finance and Insurance		 28,349 4.4%
$98,558
Government employment · context only
125,704

Public-sector jobs are not in the table above and are not part of any share or location quotient on this page. Both are measured on the private economy only, 748,579 private jobs in 2025: every location quotient divides by that total, and the % of Top Sectors column divides by the sectors listed above. Private employment is the standard basis for measuring industry concentration because government employment mostly serves the resident population rather than an outside market. Nothing on this card is expected to add up with the government figure.

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Key Takeaways
  • Largest private-sector industry: Health Care and Social Assistance employs 125,530 workers (19.7% of the tracked sectors), at an average wage of $58,895. Every industry figure on this page is private sector; government employs a further 125,704 and is counted separately.
  • Economic scale: State GDP of $129B (2024).
  • Wage stratification: Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services averages $100,148 while Accommodation and Food Services averages $24,369, a 4.1x spread in the same economy, with implications for workforce development and talent strategy.
Source: BLS QCEW + BEA Regional GDP (CAGDP2).

Industry Concentration

Location Quotient measures regional specialization vs. national average. LQ > 1.0 = concentrated.

Chart source: BLS QCEW · broad NAICS supersector · private sector · Location Quotient vs. national private-sector employment share. The same supersector axes appear on every profile, so the shape can be compared across geographies.
Concentrated Industries
List source: BLS QCEW · 3-digit NAICS sub-sector · private sector · Location Quotient vs. national private-sector employment share.
Same source and same private-sector basis as the Top Industries table above. These sit at a finer level than the chart's supersector axes, so the two sets of values are not directly comparable. The sub-sector view surfaces specialization the supersector view masks, such as Animal Production and Aquaculture here.
Animal Production and Aquaculture
7.28x
11,078
Forestry and Logging
3.90x
1,005
Wood Product Manufacturing
3.01x
6,793
Fishing, Hunting and Trapping
2.77x
116
Mining (except Oil and Gas)
2.74x
2,892
Crop Production
2.55x
7,562
Postal Service
2.43x
100
Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry
2.15x
4,586
Food Manufacturing
2.14x
21,363
Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
1.84x
10,330
+ 3 more sub-sectors at LQ ≥ 1.5, holding a further 68,814 jobs. See the spider chart for the broader picture.

Attraction Opportunities - Below-Average Industries

LQ < 0.5, below-average employment, screened against industrial power cost. Source: BLS QCEW · 3-digit NAICS sub-sector
0.04x
Oil and Gas Extraction
27 employed
0.10x
Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing
64 employed
0.12x
Textile Mills
54 employed
0.23x
Warehousing and Storage
2,445 employed
0.25x
Support Activities for Mining
379 employed
0.25x
Primary Metal Manufacturing
514 employed
0.37x
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
3,589 employed
0.44x
Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing
58 employed
Screened on industrial power cost only. Industrial electricity in Idaho costs 7.98¢/kWh against 8.62¢/kWh nationally (2025). Land area and freight access are not assessed at state level. Source: EIA.
Key Takeaways
  • Top specialization: Animal Production and Aquaculture concentrates at 7.28x the national norm, top-decile concentration, the kind of signature sector that defines a region's economic identity.
  • Cluster depth: 13 sub-sectors register LQ ≥ 1.5, suggesting an interconnected industrial base across the state.
  • Attraction whitespace: 8 sub-sectors register LQ < 0.5, candidates for diversification or recruitment.
Source: BLS QCEW sub-sector Location Quotients.
Industry Employment Composition
Idaho's Top Sectors by Workforce Share
Each rectangle's area is proportional to that sector's share of the top private supersectors. Hover for exact employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW 2025 Annual · Private sector, NAICS supersectors

Housing & Affordability

Census ACS · HUD Fair Market Rents FY2026

Housing Overview

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2024 5-Year Estimates · Tables B25001, B25077, B25064
$418,600
Median Home Value vs 2019
$1,238
Rent/Mo
72.1%
Owner-Occ
10.3%
Vacancy
5.4x
Home Value to Income Ratio - Stretched
vs. ~4.1x national average

HUD Fair Market Rents (Statewide)

Renter-household-weighted average across 44 Fair Market Rent areas · Source: HUD · Fair Market Rents FY2026 · Affordability threshold and renter cost burden from Census ACS B25119, B25070
Studio
$1,029/mo$723 to $1,170
1 Bedroom
$1,160/mo$742 to $1,381
2 Bedroom
$1,410/mo$973 to $1,655
3 Bedroom
$1,963/mo$1,352 to $2,318
4 Bedroom
$2,351/mo$1,632 to $2,772
30% of monthly median renter household income (~$1,311/mo, from a renter median of $52,432) · rents above this line are typically considered cost-burdened.
Measured: 43.4% of renter households already pay 30% or more of income on rent, and 19% pay 50% or more.
Key Takeaways
  • Stretched market: Home value to income ratio of 5.4x is well above the ~4.1x national average; attainable workforce housing may be a recruitment friction.
  • High home ownership: 72.1% owner-occupied; rental supply may be tight for incoming workers.
  • Elevated vacancy: 10.3% vacancy rate; potential redevelopment opportunity.
  • Affordable rent tiers: 2 of 5 HUD Fair Market Rent bedroom sizes sit below what a household on the median renter income of $52,432 can pay without cost burden (~$1,311/mo), and 43.4% of renter households are measured as cost-burdened.
Source: Census ACS housing tables.

Workforce Pipeline

Labor force readiness, commuting, and workforce composition

Labor Market Overview

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Tables B01001, B23025, B08303, B08301
1,139,443
Working Age (18-64) vs 2019
Labor force participation rate: 65.4% of population aged 18+ 65% Participation (18+)
vs 2019
Mean Commute 5 min below national avg
21.6 min
Work From Home vs 15.1% national
13.3%

Education & Talent Pipeline

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · College Scorecard
Bachelor's+
31.8%
HS Diploma+
91.9%
6 Largest Institutions by Credentials Awarded
Degrees, certificates, and other credentials awarded last academic year (College Scorecard).
Brigham Young University-Idaho 8,121/yr
Boise State University 6,158/yr
Idaho State University 2,795/yr
University of Idaho 2,661/yr
College of Western Idaho 1,571/yr
College of Southern Idaho 1,428/yr

Aging Workforce

Source: Census Bureau ACS · Derived from age & employment tables
19.8%
55-64 of working-age population (18-64)
Same cohort is 11.7% of total population, the basis used in the Demographics cohort chart.

Workforce by Occupation

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table C24010 · Civilian employed population 16+
Management / Professional
39%
Service
16.9%
Sales & Office
19.7%
Construction / Maint.
11.7%
Production / Transport
12.6%
Bars are drawn on a 0% to 40% axis, so bar length is proportional to actual share. Labels give each group's share of 919,255 employed workers.
Key Takeaways
  • Healthy participation: 65.4% of the population aged 18+ is in the labor force, reflecting a steady, available workforce statewide.
  • Short commutes: 21.6-minute mean commute is a quality-of-life and labor-access advantage for site selectors.
Source: ACS workforce data.

County Profiles

44 counties in Idaho

Ada County FIPS 16001 Adams County FIPS 16003 Bannock County FIPS 16005 Bear Lake County FIPS 16007 Benewah County FIPS 16009 Bingham County FIPS 16011 Blaine County FIPS 16013 Boise County FIPS 16015 Bonner County FIPS 16017 Bonneville County FIPS 16019 Boundary County FIPS 16021 Butte County FIPS 16023 Camas County FIPS 16025 Canyon County FIPS 16027 Caribou County FIPS 16029 Cassia County FIPS 16031 Clark County FIPS 16033 Clearwater County FIPS 16035 Custer County FIPS 16037 Elmore County FIPS 16039 Franklin County FIPS 16041 Fremont County FIPS 16043 Gem County FIPS 16045 Gooding County FIPS 16047 Idaho County FIPS 16049 Jefferson County FIPS 16051 Jerome County FIPS 16053 Kootenai County FIPS 16055 Latah County FIPS 16057 Lemhi County FIPS 16059 Lewis County FIPS 16061 Lincoln County FIPS 16063 Madison County FIPS 16065 Minidoka County FIPS 16067 Nez Perce County FIPS 16069 Oneida County FIPS 16071 Owyhee County FIPS 16073 Payette County FIPS 16075 Power County FIPS 16077 Shoshone County FIPS 16079 Teton County FIPS 16081 Twin Falls County FIPS 16083 Valley County FIPS 16085 Washington County FIPS 16087

AI Insights

Sample output. Pulse AI analysis draws on 6 federal data sources.

Sample AI Insight

Idaho shows strong potential for animal production and aquaculture attraction, with a 7.28x concentration and 11,078 jobs in this sub-sector.

Cluster depth across animal production and aquaculture, forestry and logging, and wood product manufacturing creates supply-chain attraction leverage, a structural advantage for industrial recruitment.

Industry Shift Analysis

Manufacturing Automation Risk
High
Healthcare Growth Forecast
+4.2% CAGR
Remote Work Migration
67/100

Prospect Match Scores

Advanced Manufacturing
92/100
Life Sciences
84/100
Data Centers
71/100
Illustrative example

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Data Sources

Updated from official federal government data.

Census ACS 5-Year2024
BLS QCEW2025
BEA Regional GDP2024
Census CBP2024
HUD Fair Market RentsFY2026
USAspending.govFY2026

Frequently Asked Questions

Key economic and demographic figures for Idaho, from federal data sources.

What is the population of Idaho?

1,934,262 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).

What is the median household income in Idaho?

$77,800 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).

What is the unemployment rate in Idaho?

3.6% (2024 annual average, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS).

What is the GDP of Idaho?

$129B (BEA CAGDP2 (Regional)).