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New Mexico

Population 2,120,246
6 Sources Updated September 10, 2026
2.1M
Population
334,922,499 U.S.
$64,059
Median Income
$80,734 national
$147.1B
GDP (current $), change real
4.1%
Unemployment
4.0% national
Community Data / United States / New Mexico

County Map

Click a county to view its economic profile

Demographics & Population

Census Bureau American Community Survey 2020-2024 · 5-Year Estimates

Household Income

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
Median Household
$64,059
Per Capita
$36,218
Mean Household
$88,155
Poverty Rate
17.8%

Age & Race / Ethnicity

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Table B01001, B02001, B03003
65+: 19.3% (408,264 residents) 55-64: 12.5% (265,235 residents) 35-54: 24% (508,522 residents) 18-34: 22.5% (477,084 residents) Under 18: 21.7% (461,141 residents) 39 Median Age
Cohorts
Under 18 · 21.7%
18-34 · 22.5%
35-54 · 24%
55-64 · 12.5%
65+ · 19.3%
Race & Ethnicity
White47.8%
Two or More Races25.8%
Some Other Race13%
American Indian and Alaska Native9.5%
Black or African American2.1%
Asian1.8%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander0.1%
Hispanic or Latino(any race)48.4%
Hispanic or Latino is an ethnic category and overlaps with the race categories above.

Educational Attainment

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · Population 25+
88%
High School+
National: 89.6%
1.6 pts
31%
Bachelor's+
National: 35.7%
4.7 pts
13.9%
Graduate+
National: 14.1%
0.2 pts

Employment Overview

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
2,120,246
Population
975,902
Labor Force
Employed
917,730
Unemployment Rate BLS LAUS 2024 annual
4.1%
2025 is not shown for New Mexico: a state annual average needs all 12 months and the Bureau of Labor Statistics has published 11. County pages draw on the separate annual series and may show 2025.
Mean Commute 3 min below national avg
23.5 min
Work From Home vs 15.1% national
12.2%
Labor Force and Employed are ACS 5-Year survey estimates; the Unemployment Rate above comes from BLS LAUS, a separate monthly survey with its own methodology. The two won't reconcile by subtracting one from the other.
New Mexico's median household income sits 21% below the national median. At 17.8%, its poverty rate runs 5.3 pts above the ~12.5% national level, relevant for federal funding eligibility narratives. Bachelor's-or-higher attainment of 31% trails the national average of 35.7%.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates (released December 2025). Figures reflect the most recent Census release, older news reports may cite prior vintages.
Key Takeaways
  • Income gap: Households earn meaningfully less than the national median, affecting retail demand, housing absorption, and tax base statewide.
  • Elevated poverty: At 17.8%, the rate supports federal funding narratives across distressed counties (CDFI, NMTC, EDA).

Economy & Industry

Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW · Bureau of Economic Analysis

$147.1B
Gross Domestic Product · 2024
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis · CAGDP2 Regional GDP
92.212
Cost of Living - Below Avg

Top Private-Sector Industries by Employment

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics · Quarterly Census of Employment & Wages 2025 Annual · Private sector only, with government shown below
IndustryEmployment% of Top SectorsAvg Wage
1Health Care and Social Assistance		 131,391 22.4%
$55,143
2Retail Trade		 94,584 16.1%
$38,394
3Accommodation and Food Services		 88,578 15.1%
$26,736
4Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services		 68,575 11.7%
$112,184
5Construction		 55,405 9.5%
$71,036
6Administrative and Support and Waste Management		 46,933 8.0%
$55,996
7Manufacturing		 28,307 4.8%
$72,725
8Transportation and Warehousing		 25,199 4.3%
$60,857
9Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction		 24,703 4.2%
$103,589
10Finance and Insurance		 22,619 3.9%
$86,759
Government employment · context only
184,293

Public-sector jobs are not in the table above and are not part of any share or location quotient on this page. Both are measured on the private economy only, 690,919 private jobs in 2025: every location quotient divides by that total, and the % of Top Sectors column divides by the sectors listed above. Private employment is the standard basis for measuring industry concentration because government employment mostly serves the resident population rather than an outside market. Nothing on this card is expected to add up with the government figure.

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Key Takeaways
  • Largest private-sector industry: Health Care and Social Assistance employs 131,391 workers (22.4% of the tracked sectors), at an average wage of $55,143. Every industry figure on this page is private sector; government employs a further 184,293 and is counted separately.
  • Economic scale: State GDP of $147.1B (2024).
  • Wage stratification: Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services averages $112,184 while Accommodation and Food Services averages $26,736, a 4.2x spread in the same economy, with implications for workforce development and talent strategy.
Source: BLS QCEW + BEA Regional GDP (CAGDP2).

Industry Concentration

Location Quotient measures regional specialization vs. national average. LQ > 1.0 = concentrated.

Chart source: BLS QCEW · broad NAICS supersector · private sector · Location Quotient vs. national private-sector employment share. The same supersector axes appear on every profile, so the shape can be compared across geographies.
Concentrated Industries
List source: BLS QCEW · 3-digit NAICS sub-sector · private sector · Location Quotient vs. national private-sector employment share.
Same source and same private-sector basis as the Top Industries table above. These sit at a finer level than the chart's supersector axes, so the two sets of values are not directly comparable. The sub-sector view surfaces specialization the supersector view masks, such as Support Activities for Mining here.
Support Activities for Mining
11.98x
16,549
Oil and Gas Extraction
8.26x
5,004
Mining (except Oil and Gas)
3.23x
3,151
Animal Production and Aquaculture
2.98x
4,178
Postal Service
2.71x
103
Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction
2.23x
13,708
Pipeline Transportation
2.00x
583
Gasoline Stations and Fuel Dealers
1.72x
9,363
Sporting Goods, Hobby, Musical Instrument, Book, and Misc. Retailers
1.61x
12,393
Waste Management and Remediation Services
1.59x
4,285
+ 1 more sub-sector at LQ ≥ 1.5, holding a further 39,156 jobs. See the spider chart for the broader picture.

Attraction Opportunities - Below-Average Industries

LQ < 0.5, below-average employment, screened against industrial power cost. Source: BLS QCEW · 3-digit NAICS sub-sector
0.06x
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
532 employed
0.13x
Forestry and Logging
32 employed
0.15x
Electrical Equipment, Appliance Manufacturing
339 employed
0.19x
Primary Metal Manufacturing
362 employed
0.20x
Web Search Portals, Libraries, and Archives
186 employed
0.21x
Textile Product Mills
103 employed
0.22x
Apparel Manufacturing
88 employed
0.23x
Machinery Manufacturing
1,299 employed
Screened on industrial power cost only. Industrial electricity in New Mexico costs 5.9¢/kWh against 8.62¢/kWh nationally (2025). Land area and freight access are not assessed at state level. Source: EIA.
Key Takeaways
  • Top specialization: Support Activities for Mining concentrates at 11.98x the national norm, top-decile concentration, the kind of signature sector that defines a region's economic identity.
  • Cluster depth: 11 sub-sectors register LQ ≥ 1.5, suggesting an interconnected industrial base across the state.
  • Attraction whitespace: 8 sub-sectors register LQ < 0.5, candidates for diversification or recruitment.
Source: BLS QCEW sub-sector Location Quotients.
Industry Employment Composition
New Mexico's Top Sectors by Workforce Share
Each rectangle's area is proportional to that sector's share of the top private supersectors. Hover for exact employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW 2025 Annual · Private sector, NAICS supersectors

Housing & Affordability

Census ACS · HUD Fair Market Rents FY2026

Housing Overview

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2024 5-Year Estimates · Tables B25001, B25077, B25064
$248,100
Median Home Value vs 2019
$1,067
Rent/Mo
70%
Owner-Occ
12.5%
Vacancy
3.9x
Home Value to Income Ratio
vs. ~4.1x national average

HUD Fair Market Rents (Statewide)

Renter-household-weighted average across 33 Fair Market Rent areas · Source: HUD · Fair Market Rents FY2026 · Affordability threshold and renter cost burden from Census ACS B25119, B25070
Studio
$935/mo$671 to $1,259
1 Bedroom
$1,078/mo$742 to $1,390
2 Bedroom
$1,308/mo$973 to $1,740
3 Bedroom
$1,771/mo$1,167 to $2,122
4 Bedroom
$2,040/mo$1,315 to $2,843
30% of monthly median renter household income (~$1,012/mo, from a renter median of $40,497) · rents above this line are typically considered cost-burdened.
Measured: 45% of renter households already pay 30% or more of income on rent, and 23.5% pay 50% or more.
Key Takeaways
  • In line with national: Home value to income ratio of 3.9x sits near the ~4.1x national average; affordability is neither a clear advantage nor a recruitment friction.
  • Elevated vacancy: 12.5% vacancy rate; potential redevelopment opportunity.
  • Affordable rent tiers: 1 of 5 HUD Fair Market Rent bedroom sizes sit below what a household on the median renter income of $40,497 can pay without cost burden (~$1,012/mo), and 45% of renter households are measured as cost-burdened.
Source: Census ACS housing tables.

Workforce Pipeline

Labor force readiness, commuting, and workforce composition

Labor Market Overview

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Tables B01001, B23025, B08303, B08301
1,250,841
Working Age (18-64) vs 2019
Labor force participation rate: 59.8% of population aged 18+ 60% Participation (18+)
vs 2019
Mean Commute 3 min below national avg
23.5 min
Work From Home vs 15.1% national
12.2%

Education & Talent Pipeline

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · College Scorecard
Bachelor's+
31%
HS Diploma+
88%
6 Largest Institutions by Credentials Awarded
Degrees, certificates, and other credentials awarded last academic year (College Scorecard).
Central New Mexico Community College 7,939/yr
University of New Mexico-Main Campus 5,350/yr
New Mexico State University-Main Campus 3,360/yr
San Juan College 1,790/yr
Eastern New Mexico University-Main Campus 1,342/yr
New Mexico State University-Dona Ana 1,277/yr

Aging Workforce

Source: Census Bureau ACS · Derived from age & employment tables
21.2%
55-64 of working-age population (18-64)
Same cohort is 12.5% of total population, the basis used in the Demographics cohort chart.
Elevated retirement risk, above the 20% threshold. Succession planning recommended.

Workforce by Occupation

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table C24010 · Civilian employed population 16+
Management / Professional
41.1%
Service
18.6%
Sales & Office
19.3%
Construction / Maint.
10.8%
Production / Transport
10.2%
Bars are drawn on a 0% to 60% axis, so bar length is proportional to actual share. Labels give each group's share of 917,730 employed workers.
Key Takeaways
  • Low participation: only 59.8% of the population aged 18+ is in the labor force, suggesting untapped capacity; workforce development may unlock supply.
Source: ACS workforce data.

County Profiles

33 counties in New Mexico

Bernalillo County FIPS 35001 Catron County FIPS 35003 Chaves County FIPS 35005 Cibola County FIPS 35006 Colfax County FIPS 35007 Curry County FIPS 35009 De Baca County FIPS 35011 Doña Ana County FIPS 35013 Eddy County FIPS 35015 Grant County FIPS 35017 Guadalupe County FIPS 35019 Harding County FIPS 35021 Hidalgo County FIPS 35023 Lea County FIPS 35025 Lincoln County FIPS 35027 Los Alamos County FIPS 35028 Luna County FIPS 35029 McKinley County FIPS 35031 Mora County FIPS 35033 Otero County FIPS 35035 Quay County FIPS 35037 Rio Arriba County FIPS 35039 Roosevelt County FIPS 35041 San Juan County FIPS 35045 San Miguel County FIPS 35047 Sandoval County FIPS 35043 Santa Fe County FIPS 35049 Sierra County FIPS 35051 Socorro County FIPS 35053 Taos County FIPS 35055 Torrance County FIPS 35057 Union County FIPS 35059 Valencia County FIPS 35061

AI Insights

Sample output. Pulse AI analysis draws on 6 federal data sources.

Sample AI Insight

New Mexico shows strong potential for support activities for mining attraction, with a 11.98x concentration and 16,549 jobs in this sub-sector.

Cluster depth across support activities for mining, oil and gas extraction, and mining (except oil and gas) creates supply-chain attraction leverage, a structural advantage for industrial recruitment.

Industry Shift Analysis

Manufacturing Automation Risk
High
Healthcare Growth Forecast
+4.2% CAGR
Remote Work Migration
67/100

Prospect Match Scores

Advanced Manufacturing
92/100
Life Sciences
84/100
Data Centers
71/100
Illustrative example

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Data Sources

Updated from official federal government data.

Census ACS 5-Year2024
BLS QCEW2025
BEA Regional GDP2024
Census CBP2024
HUD Fair Market RentsFY2026
USAspending.govFY2026

Frequently Asked Questions

Key economic and demographic figures for New Mexico, from federal data sources.

What is the population of New Mexico?

2,120,246 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).

What is the median household income in New Mexico?

$64,059 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).

What is the unemployment rate in New Mexico?

4.1% (2024 annual average, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS).

What is the GDP of New Mexico?

$147.1B (BEA CAGDP2 (Regional)).