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Official Federal Data

Monroe County, New York

Rochester, NY · Population 753,753
10 Sources Updated September 10, 2026
$76,382 up from the baseline named below
Median Income (nominal) vs 2019
$80,734 national
3.8% up from the baseline named below
Unemployment vs 2024
4.3% national
$65.1B up from the baseline named below
GDP (nominal) real change vs 2023
41.5% up from the baseline named below
Bachelor's+ vs 2019
35.7% national

Demographics & Population

Census Bureau American Community Survey 2020-2024 · 5-Year Estimates

Household Income

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
Median Household (nominal)
$76,382 up from 2019 vs 2019
Per Capita
$44,107 up from 2019 vs 2019
Mean Household
$102,656 up from 2019 vs 2019
Median Household (cost-of-living adjusted)
$78,744 metro RPP 97.0
Poverty Rate
13.6% down from 2019 vs 2019
Median Income Comparison
Monroe County$76,382
New York$85,974
National$80,734
Monroe County is $9,592 (11.2%) below the New York median.
Cost-of-living adjustment uses the BEA all-items regional price parity for Rochester, NY, 97.0 against a national average of 100 (2024). BEA publishes regional price parity at state and metropolitan level only; there is no county figure, so the metro index stands in for Monroe County and the adjusted median is an approximation. Per capita and mean household income above are nominal and carry no adjustment.

Population Profile

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Table B01001, B02001, B03003
65+: 18.8% (141,504 residents) 55-64: 13.4% (101,370 residents) 35-54: 24% (180,988 residents) 18-34: 23.4% (176,716 residents) Under 18: 20.3% (153,175 residents) 40 Median Age
CohortsShare of total population
Under 18 · 20.3%
18-34 · 23.4%
35-54 · 24%
55-64 · 13.4%
65+ · 18.8%
Race & Ethnicity
White69.6%
Black or African American14.2%
Two or More Races8.2%
Asian3.9%
Some Other Race3.8%
American Indian and Alaska Native0.2%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander0%
Hispanic or Latino(any race)9.9%
Hispanic or Latino is an ethnic category and overlaps with the race categories above.

Educational Attainment

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · Population 25+
92.1%
High School+
National: 89.6%
up from national +2.5 pts vs national
41.5%
Bachelor's+
National: 35.7%
up from national +5.8 pts vs national
18.6%
Graduate+
National: 14.1%
up from national +4.5 pts vs national

Employment Overview

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
753,753
Population
391,197
Labor Force
Employed
371,857
Unemployment Rate BLS LAUS 2025 annual
3.8% up from 2024 +0.1 pts vs 2024
Mean Commute 6 min below national avg
19.9 min
Work From Home vs 15.1% national
15.6%
Labor Force and Employed are ACS 5-Year survey estimates; the Unemployment Rate above comes from BLS LAUS, a separate monthly survey with its own methodology. The two won't reconcile by subtracting one from the other.
Key Takeaways
  • Income near the national median: Median household income tracks the national median, indicating a broad-based consumer market.
  • Below the state median: Median household income runs $9,592 (11.2%) under the New York median, so statewide income averages overstate local household buying power.
  • Talent advantage: Bachelor's-or-higher attainment exceeds the national average by 5.8 pts, supports knowledge-economy and tech attraction.

Economy & Industry

Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW · Bureau of Economic Analysis

$65.1B up from 2023 +2.7% vs 2023
Gross Domestic Product · 2024
+2.7% real (inflation-adjusted) · +6% nominal · 2023 to 2024
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis · level and nominal change from CAGDP2 (current dollars); real change from CAGDP9 (chained 2017 dollars), both all-industry total. The two series agree in 2017, the chain reference year, and diverge by the amount of price change since.
97.0
Cost of Living · metro · Below Avg

Top Private-Sector Industries by Employment

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics · Quarterly Census of Employment & Wages 2025 Annual · Private sector only, with government shown below
Top private-sector industries by employment in Monroe County, New York, with employment, share of top sectors, and average wage. Government employment is excluded and reported separately below the table.
IndustryEmploymentShare of Top 10Avg Wage
1Health Care and Social Assistance
77,199 26.9%
$61,321
2Retail Trade
35,012 12.2%
$41,894
3Manufacturing
34,448 12.0%
$83,688
4Educational Services
28,658 10.0%
$87,698
5Accommodation and Food Services
27,076 9.4%
$26,921
6Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
21,266 7.4%
$98,104
7Administrative and Support and Waste Management
18,859 6.6%
$53,073
8Construction
16,566 5.8%
$84,000
9Transportation and Warehousing
16,390 5.7%
$54,241
10Finance and Insurance
12,009 4.2%
$116,543
Government employment · context only
48,193

Public-sector jobs are not in the table above and are not part of any share or location quotient on this page. Both are measured on the private economy only, 338,718 private jobs in 2025: every location quotient divides by that total, and the Share of Top 10 column divides by the 10 sectors listed above. Private employment is the standard basis for measuring industry concentration because government employment mostly serves the resident population rather than an outside market. Nothing on this card is expected to add up with the government figure.

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Key Takeaways
  • Largest private-sector industry: Health Care and Social Assistance employs 77,199 workers (26.9% of tracked sectors), at an average wage of $61,321. Every industry figure on this page is private sector; government employs a further 48,193 and is counted separately.
  • Economic scale: Regional GDP of $65.1B (2024).
  • Wage stratification: Finance and Insurance averages $116,543 while Accommodation and Food Services averages $26,921, a 4.3x spread in the same local economy, with implications for workforce development and talent strategy.
Source: BLS QCEW + BEA Regional GDP.
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Industry Concentration

Location Quotient measures regional specialization vs. national average. LQ > 1.0 = concentrated.

Location Quotient Analysis

Chart source: BLS QCEW · broad NAICS supersector · private sector · Location Quotient vs. national private-sector employment share. The same supersector axes appear on every profile, so the shape can be compared across counties.
Concentrated Industries
List source: BLS QCEW · 3-digit NAICS sub-sector · private sector · Location Quotient vs. national private-sector employment share.
Same source and same private-sector basis as the Top Industries table above. These sit at a finer level than the chart's supersector axes, so the two sets of values are not directly comparable. The sub-sector view surfaces specialization the supersector view masks, such as Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation here.
Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation
4.05x
5,815
Educational Services
3.47x
28,658
Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
2.69x
6,820
Machinery Manufacturing
2.09x
5,778
Hospitals
2.09x
29,651
Printing and Related Support Activities
1.86x
1,631
Nursing and Residential Care Facilities
1.75x
15,223
Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing
1.60x
2,842
Telecommunications
1.53x
2,318
Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing
1.51x
1,262

Cluster Depth

Source: BLS QCEW · Sub-sectors with LQ ≥ 1.5 indicate genuine cluster concentration
Concentrated Sub-Sectors
10 sub-sectors at LQ ≥ 1.5
Largest grouping among them is Health Care & Social Assistance Cluster at 44.9% of the employment across all of them, which signals supply-chain fit for site selectors
99,998
Employment in the sub-sectors listed
4.05x
Peak sub-sector LQ
Sub-Sector Detail
Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation
4.05x 5,815
Educational Services
3.47x 28,658
Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
2.69x 6,820
Machinery Manufacturing
2.09x 5,778
Hospitals
2.09x 29,651
Printing and Related Support Activities
1.86x 1,631
Nursing and Residential Care Facilities
1.75x 15,223
Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing
1.60x 2,842
Telecommunications
1.53x 2,318
Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing
1.51x 1,262

Attraction Opportunities

LQ < 0.5 with ≥ 50 employed, screened against local siting constraints. Source: BLS QCEW
0.04x
Air Transportation
58 employed
0.18x
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
778 employed
0.19x
Wood Product Manufacturing
198 employed
0.22x
Primary Metal Manufacturing
203 employed
0.33x
Accommodation
1,609 employed
0.34x
Computing Infrastructure Providers and Data Processing
414 employed
Screened on industrial power cost, rail-truck intermodal access, land base. Industrial electricity in New York costs 9.55¢/kWh against 8.62¢/kWh nationally (2025). New York has 6 rail-truck intermodal terminals, the nearest 60 miles from the county. Land area 657 sq mi, larger than 56% of US counties. Sources: EIA, BTS NTAD, Census Gazetteer.
Key Takeaways
  • Top specialization: Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation concentrates at 4.05x the national norm, strong concentration that anchors the local economy and supports supply-chain attraction strategy.
  • Cluster depth: 10 sub-sectors register LQ ≥ 1.5, and no single source of demand accounts for more than 44.9% of the employment across them, the largest being health care economy. Demand reaches this base from more than one market rather than from a single one.
  • Attraction whitespace: 6 sub-sectors register LQ < 0.5 with at least 50 employed, candidates for diversification or recruitment depending on labor-market fit.
Source: BLS QCEW sub-sector Location Quotients.
Monroe County's Top Sectors by Workforce Share
Each rectangle's area is proportional to that sector's share of total private-sector employment across all NAICS supersectors. Hover for exact employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW 2025 Annual · Private sector, NAICS supersectors

Housing & Affordability

Census ACS · HUD Fair Market Rents FY2026

Housing Overview

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates · Tables B25001, B25077, B25064, B25004
$213,700 up from the baseline named below
Median Home Value vs 2019
$1,173 up from the baseline named below
Rent/Mo vs 2019
63.7% up from the baseline named below
Owner-Occ vs 2019
6.2% down from the baseline named below
Vacancy vs 2019
2.2% available
for rent or sale
2.8x
Home Value to Income Ratio - Affordable
vs. ~4.1x national average

HUD Fair Market Rents

HUD publishes these by FMR area, which may cover more than one county · Source: HUD · Fair Market Rents FY2026 · Affordability threshold and renter cost burden from Census ACS B25119, B25070
Studio
$1,116/mo
1 Bedroom
$1,256/mo
2 Bedroom
$1,573/mo
3 Bedroom
$1,895/mo
4 Bedroom
$2,083/mo
30% of monthly median renter household income (~$1,096/mo, from a renter median of $43,830) · rents above this line are typically considered cost-burdened.
Measured: 49% of renter households already pay 30% or more of income on rent, and 26.1% pay 50% or more.
Key Takeaways
  • Affordable market: Home value to income ratio of 2.8x is well below the ~4.1x national average; supports talent attraction and family settlement narratives.
  • Rent affordability gap: None of the 5 HUD Fair Market Rent bedroom sizes sit below what a household on the median renter income of $43,830 can pay without cost burden (~$1,096/mo), and 49% of renter households are already cost-burdened, 26.1% severely so; workforce housing cost burden warrants attention.
Source: Census ACS housing tables + HUD Fair Market Rents.

Workforce Pipeline

Labor force readiness, commuting, and workforce composition

Labor Market Overview

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Tables B01001, B23001, B23025, B08303, B08301
459,074 down from the baseline named below
Working Age (18-64) vs 2019
Mean Commute 6 min below national avg
19.9 min
Work From Home vs 15.1% national
15.6%
Prime-Age Employed (25-54)
83.1%
of prime-age population
Prime-age rate numerator is civilian employed (B23001); the denominator is total population aged 25-54 (B01001), which also includes armed forces.
Labor force participation rate: 63.2%, the labor force as a share of the population aged 16 and over (ACS B23025) 63% Participation
of population age 16 and over (619,493)
down from 2019 vs 2019

Education & Talent Pipeline

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · College Scorecard
Bachelor's+
41.5% up from 2019 vs 2019
HS Diploma+
92.1% up from 2019 vs 2019
Institutions in Monroe County
Largest 6 of 15 by credentials awarded, in Monroe County
Credentials awarded in Monroe County
13,783/yr
University of Rochester 4,141/yr
Rochester Institute of Technology 3,837/yr
SUNY Brockport 2,302/yr
Monroe Community College 1,603/yr
St. John Fisher University 993/yr
Nazareth University 907/yr

Aging Workforce

Source: Census Bureau ACS · Derived from age & employment tables
22.1%
55-64 of working-age population (18-64)
Same cohort is 13.4% of total population, the basis used in the Demographics cohort chart.
Elevated retirement risk, above the 20% threshold. Succession planning recommended.

Workforce by Occupation

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table C24010 · Civilian employed population 16+
Management / Professional
48.5%
Service
16.4%
Sales & Office
19.6%
Construction / Maint.
5.5%
Production / Transport
10.1%
Bars are drawn on a 0% to 60% axis, so bar length is proportional to actual share. Labels give each group's share of 371,857 employed workers.
Key Takeaways
  • Succession risk is real: 22.1% of working-age residents are 55-64. Plan for retirements over the next decade and pair attraction strategy with talent retention.
  • Healthy participation: 63.2% labor force participation reflects a steady, available local workforce.
  • Short commutes: 19.9-minute mean commute is a quality-of-life and labor-access advantage worth surfacing for site selectors.
  • Talent pipeline: the 6 largest of 15 institutions in Monroe County award 13,783 credentials a year. Employers drawing from a wider labor shed should read this alongside institutions outside the county, which this page does not aggregate.
Source: ACS workforce data and College Scorecard.

AI Insights

Sample output. Pulse AI analysis draws on 10 federal data sources.

Sample AI Insight

Monroe County shows meaningful potential for transit and ground passenger transportation attraction, with a 4.05x concentration and 5,815 jobs in this sub-sector. Near-term succession risk is elevated, with 22.1% of the working-age population within 10 years of retirement age.

The concentrated base spans transit and ground passenger transportation, educational services, and computer and electronic product manufacturing, and no single source of demand accounts for more than 44.9% of the employment across them, the largest being health care economy. Supply-chain recruitment has more than one demand base to work from.

Industry Shift Analysis

Manufacturing Automation Risk
High
Healthcare Growth Forecast
+4.2% CAGR
Remote Work Migration
67/100

Prospect Match Scores

Advanced Manufacturing
92/100
Life Sciences
84/100
Data Centers
71/100
Illustrative example

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Data Sources

Updated from official federal government data.

Census ACS 5-Year2024
BLS QCEW2025 annual
BLS LAUS2025 annual
BEA Regional GDP2024
BEA Regional Price Parity2024
Census CBP2023
HUD Fair Market RentsFY2026
FCC Broadband Map2024
USAspending.govFY2026
College ScorecardAY 2022-23

American Community Survey figures on this page are 2020-2024 five-year averages rather than single-year counts. A five-year estimate pools 60 months of survey responses, so each value describes the period as a whole.

Frequently Asked Questions

Key economic and demographic figures for Monroe County, New York, from federal data sources.

What is the population of Monroe County, New York?

753,753 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).

What is the median household income in Monroe County, New York?

$76,382 in nominal dollars (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates). Adjusted for local prices using the BEA all-items regional price parity for Rochester, NY (97.0 against a national average of 100), that is $78,744 at national average prices. BEA publishes regional price parity at metro level; there is no county-level figure.

What is the unemployment rate in Monroe County, New York?

3.8% (2025 annual average, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS).

What is the GDP of Monroe County, New York?

$65.1B (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CAGDP2).