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New York

Population 19,852,366
6 Sources Updated September 10, 2026
19.9M
Population
334,922,499 U.S.
$85,974
Median Income
$80,734 national
$2,322.1B
GDP (current $), change real
4.2%
Unemployment
4.0% national
Community Data / United States / New York

County Map

Click a county to view its economic profile

Demographics & Population

Census Bureau American Community Survey 2020-2024 · 5-Year Estimates

Household Income

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
Median Household
$85,974
Per Capita
$50,712
Mean Household
$128,247
Poverty Rate
14%

Age & Race / Ethnicity

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Table B01001, B02001, B03003
65+: 17.9% (3,554,028 residents) 55-64: 13.3% (2,643,974 residents) 35-54: 25.2% (5,003,354 residents) 18-34: 23.1% (4,585,698 residents) Under 18: 20.5% (4,065,312 residents) 40 Median Age
Cohorts
Under 18 · 20.5%
18-34 · 23.1%
35-54 · 25.2%
55-64 · 13.3%
65+ · 17.9%
Race & Ethnicity
White55.2%
Black or African American14.4%
Some Other Race10.4%
Two or More Races10.3%
Asian9.1%
American Indian and Alaska Native0.6%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander0%
Hispanic or Latino(any race)19.8%
Hispanic or Latino is an ethnic category and overlaps with the race categories above.

Educational Attainment

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · Population 25+
88%
High School+
National: 89.6%
1.6 pts
40.2%
Bachelor's+
National: 35.7%
+4.5 pts
17.9%
Graduate+
National: 14.1%
+3.8 pts

Employment Overview

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
19,852,366
Population
10,171,766
Labor Force
Employed
9,523,591
Unemployment Rate BLS LAUS 2024 annual
4.2%
2025 is not shown for New York: a state annual average needs all 12 months and the Bureau of Labor Statistics has published 11. County pages draw on the separate annual series and may show 2025.
Mean Commute 6 min above national avg
32.6 min
Work From Home vs 15.1% national
14.9%
Labor Force and Employed are ACS 5-Year survey estimates; the Unemployment Rate above comes from BLS LAUS, a separate monthly survey with its own methodology. The two won't reconcile by subtracting one from the other.
New York's median household income sits 6% above the national median. At 14%, its poverty rate runs 1.5 pts above the ~12.5% national level, relevant for federal funding eligibility narratives. Bachelor's-or-higher attainment of 40.2% exceeds the national average of 35.7%.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates (released December 2025). Figures reflect the most recent Census release, older news reports may cite prior vintages.
Key Takeaways
  • Income near the national median: Median household income tracks the national median, indicating a broad-based consumer market.
  • Broadly in line with U.S. norms across income, poverty, education, and age.

Economy & Industry

Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW · Bureau of Economic Analysis

$2,322.1B
Gross Domestic Product · 2024
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis · CAGDP2 Regional GDP
107.921
Cost of Living - Above Avg

Top Private-Sector Industries by Employment

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics · Quarterly Census of Employment & Wages 2025 Annual · Private sector only, with government shown below
IndustryEmployment% of Top SectorsAvg Wage
1Health Care and Social Assistance		 1,884,112 27.8%
$65,622
2Retail Trade		 831,746 12.3%
$50,152
3Accommodation and Food Services		 753,479 11.1%
$39,744
4Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services		 716,361 10.6%
$163,752
5Finance and Insurance		 541,208 8.0%
$333,808
6Administrative and Support and Waste Management		 521,803 7.7%
$73,803
7Manufacturing		 401,267 5.9%
$87,280
8Construction		 384,950 5.7%
$92,965
9Transportation and Warehousing		 373,939 5.5%
$65,835
10Educational Services		 367,060 5.4%
$84,473
Government employment · context only
1,427,407

Public-sector jobs are not in the table above and are not part of any share or location quotient on this page. Both are measured on the private economy only, 8,364,122 private jobs in 2025: every location quotient divides by that total, and the % of Top Sectors column divides by the sectors listed above. Private employment is the standard basis for measuring industry concentration because government employment mostly serves the resident population rather than an outside market. Nothing on this card is expected to add up with the government figure.

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Key Takeaways
  • Largest private-sector industry: Health Care and Social Assistance employs 1,884,112 workers (27.8% of the tracked sectors), at an average wage of $65,622. Every industry figure on this page is private sector; government employs a further 1,427,407 and is counted separately.
  • Economic scale: State GDP of $2,322.1B (2024).
  • Wage stratification: Finance and Insurance averages $333,808 while Accommodation and Food Services averages $39,744, a 8.4x spread in the same economy, with implications for workforce development and talent strategy.
Source: BLS QCEW + BEA Regional GDP (CAGDP2).

Industry Concentration

Location Quotient measures regional specialization vs. national average. LQ > 1.0 = concentrated.

Chart source: BLS QCEW · broad NAICS supersector · private sector · Location Quotient vs. national private-sector employment share. The same supersector axes appear on every profile, so the shape can be compared across geographies.
Concentrated Industries
List source: BLS QCEW · 3-digit NAICS sub-sector · private sector · Location Quotient vs. national private-sector employment share.
Same source and same private-sector basis as the Top Industries table above. These sit at a finer level than the chart's supersector axes, so the two sets of values are not directly comparable. The sub-sector view surfaces specialization the supersector view masks, such as Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation here.
Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation
4.22x
149,444
Securities, Commodity Contracts, Investments
3.23x
223,689
Web Search Portals, Libraries, and Archives
2.79x
30,963
Internet Publishing and Broadcasting
2.44x
52,012
Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries
2.21x
50,209
Educational Services
1.80x
367,060
Social Assistance
1.76x
550,405
Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar
1.75x
19,846
Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related
1.73x
62,997
Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional Orgs
1.61x
144,478
+ 2 more sub-sectors at LQ ≥ 1.5, holding a further 193,865 jobs. See the spider chart for the broader picture.

Attraction Opportunities - Below-Average Industries

LQ < 0.5, below-average employment, screened against industrial power cost. Source: BLS QCEW · 3-digit NAICS sub-sector
0.02x
Support Activities for Mining
389 employed
0.03x
Oil and Gas Extraction
195 employed
0.10x
Pipeline Transportation
364 employed
0.12x
Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry
2,860 employed
0.16x
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
17,454 employed
0.20x
Forestry and Logging
574 employed
0.25x
Fishing, Hunting and Trapping
117 employed
0.25x
Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing
1,699 employed
Screened on industrial power cost only. Industrial electricity in New York costs 9.55¢/kWh against 8.62¢/kWh nationally (2025). Land area and freight access are not assessed at state level. Source: EIA.
Key Takeaways
  • Top specialization: Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation concentrates at 4.22x the national norm, strong concentration that anchors the local economy.
  • Cluster depth: 12 sub-sectors register LQ ≥ 1.5, suggesting an interconnected industrial base across the state.
  • Attraction whitespace: 8 sub-sectors register LQ < 0.5, candidates for diversification or recruitment.
Source: BLS QCEW sub-sector Location Quotients.
Industry Employment Composition
New York's Top Sectors by Workforce Share
Each rectangle's area is proportional to that sector's share of the top private supersectors. Hover for exact employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW 2025 Annual · Private sector, NAICS supersectors

Housing & Affordability

Census ACS · HUD Fair Market Rents FY2026

Housing Overview

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2024 5-Year Estimates · Tables B25001, B25077, B25064
$423,800
Median Home Value vs 2019
$1,621
Rent/Mo
54.3%
Owner-Occ
10%
Vacancy
4.9x
Home Value to Income Ratio
vs. ~4.1x national average

HUD Fair Market Rents (Statewide)

Renter-household-weighted average across 62 Fair Market Rent areas · Source: HUD · Fair Market Rents FY2026 · Affordability threshold and renter cost burden from Census ACS B25119, B25070
Studio
$2,120/mo$680 to $2,529
1 Bedroom
$2,253/mo$754 to $2,655
2 Bedroom
$2,520/mo$973 to $2,910
3 Bedroom
$3,154/mo$1,232 to $3,644
4 Bedroom
$3,435/mo$1,291 to $3,959
30% of monthly median renter household income (~$1,445/mo, from a renter median of $57,803) · rents above this line are typically considered cost-burdened.
Measured: 49.2% of renter households already pay 30% or more of income on rent, and 26.9% pay 50% or more.
Key Takeaways
  • In line with national: Home value to income ratio of 4.9x sits near the ~4.1x national average; affordability is neither a clear advantage nor a recruitment friction.
  • Rent affordability gap: None of the 5 HUD Fair Market Rent bedroom sizes sit below what a household on the median renter income of $57,803 can pay without cost burden (~$1,445/mo), and 49.2% of renter households are already cost-burdened, 26.9% severely so.
Source: Census ACS housing tables.

Workforce Pipeline

Labor force readiness, commuting, and workforce composition

Labor Market Overview

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Tables B01001, B23025, B08303, B08301
12,233,026
Working Age (18-64) vs 2019
Labor force participation rate: 64.6% of population aged 18+ 65% Participation (18+)
vs 2019
Mean Commute 6 min above national avg
32.6 min
Work From Home vs 15.1% national
14.9%

Education & Talent Pipeline

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · College Scorecard
Bachelor's+
40.2%
HS Diploma+
88%
6 Largest Institutions by Credentials Awarded
Degrees, certificates, and other credentials awarded last academic year (College Scorecard).
New York University 18,769/yr
Columbia University in the City of New York 14,565/yr
University at Buffalo 9,530/yr
Cornell University 8,800/yr
Stony Brook University 8,368/yr
Syracuse University 7,300/yr

Aging Workforce

Source: Census Bureau ACS · Derived from age & employment tables
21.6%
55-64 of working-age population (18-64)
Same cohort is 13.3% of total population, the basis used in the Demographics cohort chart.
Elevated retirement risk, above the 20% threshold. Succession planning recommended.

Workforce by Occupation

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table C24010 · Civilian employed population 16+
Management / Professional
46.2%
Service
18.7%
Sales & Office
18.9%
Construction / Maint.
6.6%
Production / Transport
9.6%
Bars are drawn on a 0% to 60% axis, so bar length is proportional to actual share. Labels give each group's share of 9,523,591 employed workers.
Key Takeaways
  • Healthy participation: 64.6% of the population aged 18+ is in the labor force, reflecting a steady, available workforce statewide.
Source: ACS workforce data.

County Profiles

62 counties in New York

Albany County FIPS 36001 Allegany County FIPS 36003 Bronx County FIPS 36005 Broome County FIPS 36007 Cattaraugus County FIPS 36009 Cayuga County FIPS 36011 Chautauqua County FIPS 36013 Chemung County FIPS 36015 Chenango County FIPS 36017 Clinton County FIPS 36019 Columbia County FIPS 36021 Cortland County FIPS 36023 Delaware County FIPS 36025 Dutchess County FIPS 36027 Erie County FIPS 36029 Essex County FIPS 36031 Franklin County FIPS 36033 Fulton County FIPS 36035 Genesee County FIPS 36037 Greene County FIPS 36039 Hamilton County FIPS 36041 Herkimer County FIPS 36043 Jefferson County FIPS 36045 Kings County FIPS 36047 Lewis County FIPS 36049 Livingston County FIPS 36051 Madison County FIPS 36053 Monroe County FIPS 36055 Montgomery County FIPS 36057 Nassau County FIPS 36059 New York County FIPS 36061 Niagara County FIPS 36063 Oneida County FIPS 36065 Onondaga County FIPS 36067 Ontario County FIPS 36069 Orange County FIPS 36071 Orleans County FIPS 36073 Oswego County FIPS 36075 Otsego County FIPS 36077 Putnam County FIPS 36079 Queens County FIPS 36081 Rensselaer County FIPS 36083 Richmond County FIPS 36085 Rockland County FIPS 36087 Saratoga County FIPS 36091 Schenectady County FIPS 36093 Schoharie County FIPS 36095 Schuyler County FIPS 36097 Seneca County FIPS 36099 St. Lawrence County FIPS 36089 Steuben County FIPS 36101 Suffolk County FIPS 36103 Sullivan County FIPS 36105 Tioga County FIPS 36107 Tompkins County FIPS 36109 Ulster County FIPS 36111 Warren County FIPS 36113 Washington County FIPS 36115 Wayne County FIPS 36117 Westchester County FIPS 36119 Wyoming County FIPS 36121 Yates County FIPS 36123

AI Insights

Sample output. Pulse AI analysis draws on 6 federal data sources.

Sample AI Insight

New York shows meaningful potential for transit and ground passenger transportation attraction, with a 4.22x concentration and 149,444 jobs in this sub-sector.

Cluster depth across transit and ground passenger transportation, securities, commodity contracts, investments, and web search portals, libraries, and archives creates supply-chain attraction leverage, a structural advantage for industrial recruitment.

Industry Shift Analysis

Manufacturing Automation Risk
High
Healthcare Growth Forecast
+4.2% CAGR
Remote Work Migration
67/100

Prospect Match Scores

Advanced Manufacturing
92/100
Life Sciences
84/100
Data Centers
71/100
Illustrative example

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Data Sources

Updated from official federal government data.

Census ACS 5-Year2024
BLS QCEW2025
BEA Regional GDP2024
Census CBP2024
HUD Fair Market RentsFY2026
USAspending.govFY2026

Frequently Asked Questions

Key economic and demographic figures for New York, from federal data sources.

What is the population of New York?

19,852,366 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).

What is the median household income in New York?

$85,974 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).

What is the unemployment rate in New York?

4.2% (2024 annual average, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS).

What is the GDP of New York?

$2,322.1B (BEA CAGDP2 (Regional)).