ExecutivePulse
Official Federal Data

Hall County, Georgia

Gainesville, GA · Population 212,705
10 Sources Updated September 10, 2026
$80,901 up from the baseline named below
Median Income (nominal) vs 2019
$80,734 national
2.8% up from the baseline named below
Unemployment vs 2024
4.3% national
$18B up from the baseline named below
GDP (nominal) real change vs 2023
27.3% up from the baseline named below
Bachelor's+ vs 2019
35.7% national

Demographics & Population

Census Bureau American Community Survey 2020-2024 · 5-Year Estimates

Household Income

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
Median Household (nominal)
$80,901 up from 2019 vs 2019
Per Capita
$38,556 up from 2019 vs 2019
Mean Household
$108,166 up from 2019 vs 2019
Median Household (cost-of-living adjusted)
$83,575 metro RPP 96.8
Poverty Rate
11.8% down from 2019 vs 2019
Median Income Comparison
Hall County$80,901
Georgia$77,353
National$80,734
Cost-of-living adjustment uses the BEA all-items regional price parity for Gainesville, GA, 96.8 against a national average of 100 (2024). BEA publishes regional price parity at state and metropolitan level only; there is no county figure, so the metro index stands in for Hall County and the adjusted median is an approximation. Per capita and mean household income above are nominal and carry no adjustment.

Population Profile

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Table B01001, B02001, B03003
65+: 16.3% (34,659 residents) 55-64: 12.4% (26,344 residents) 35-54: 25.2% (53,597 residents) 18-34: 22.3% (47,465 residents) Under 18: 23.8% (50,640 residents) 38 Median Age
CohortsShare of total population
Under 18 · 23.8%
18-34 · 22.3%
35-54 · 25.2%
55-64 · 12.4%
65+ · 16.3%
Race & Ethnicity
White63.3%
Two or More Races18%
Some Other Race9.2%
Black or African American6.9%
Asian2.2%
American Indian and Alaska Native0.4%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander0%
Hispanic or Latino(any race)29.1%
Hispanic or Latino is an ethnic category and overlaps with the race categories above.

Educational Attainment

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · Population 25+
81%
High School+
National: 89.6%
down from national 8.6 pts vs national
27.3%
Bachelor's+
National: 35.7%
down from national 8.4 pts vs national
10.6%
Graduate+
National: 14.1%
down from national 3.5 pts vs national

Employment Overview

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
212,705
Population
106,853
Labor Force
Employed
103,135
Unemployment Rate BLS LAUS 2025 annual
2.8% up from 2024 +0.1 pts vs 2024
Mean Commute 1 min above national avg
27.3 min
Work From Home vs 15.1% national
11.9%
Labor Force and Employed are ACS 5-Year survey estimates; the Unemployment Rate above comes from BLS LAUS, a separate monthly survey with its own methodology. The two won't reconcile by subtracting one from the other.
Key Takeaways
  • Income near the national median: Median household income tracks the national median, indicating a broad-based consumer market.
  • Cost of living stretches income further: Local prices run 3.2% below the national average, so the nominal median of $80,901 is worth $83,575 at national average prices. BEA publishes price parity at metro level, not county level.
  • Talent gap: Bachelor's-or-higher attainment trails the national average by 8.4 pts, relevant for advanced-services attraction strategy.

Economy & Industry

Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW · Bureau of Economic Analysis

$18B up from 2023 +2.5% vs 2023
Gross Domestic Product · 2024
+2.5% real (inflation-adjusted) · +5.7% nominal · 2023 to 2024
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis · level and nominal change from CAGDP2 (current dollars); real change from CAGDP9 (chained 2017 dollars), both all-industry total. The two series agree in 2017, the chain reference year, and diverge by the amount of price change since.
96.8
Cost of Living · metro · Below Avg

Top Private-Sector Industries by Employment

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics · Quarterly Census of Employment & Wages 2024 Annual · Private sector only, with government shown below · 2025 is available but itemises 8 of the broad sectors against 10 for 2024, so the fuller year is shown
Top private-sector industries by employment in Hall County, Georgia, with employment, share of top sectors, and average wage. Government employment is excluded and reported separately below the table.
IndustryEmploymentShare of Top 10Avg Wage
1Manufacturing
25,074 30.2%
$60,035
2Health Care and Social Assistance
15,982 19.3%
$80,631
3Retail Trade
9,589 11.6%
$39,762
4Accommodation and Food Services
7,544 9.1%
$24,797
5Administrative and Support and Waste Management
5,982 7.2%
$44,182
6Wholesale Trade
5,017 6.0%
$81,913
7Construction
5,010 6.0%
$72,261
8Transportation and Warehousing
4,003 4.8%
$67,473
9Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
2,750 3.3%
$85,063
10Other Services (except Public Administration)
1,985 2.4%
$45,809
Government employment · context only
11,226

Public-sector jobs are not in the table above and are not part of any share or location quotient on this page. Both are measured on the private economy only, 90,760 private jobs in 2024: every location quotient divides by that total, and the Share of Top 10 column divides by the 10 sectors listed above. Private employment is the standard basis for measuring industry concentration because government employment mostly serves the resident population rather than an outside market. Nothing on this card is expected to add up with the government figure.

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Key Takeaways
  • Largest private-sector industry: Manufacturing employs 25,074 workers (30.2% of tracked sectors), at an average wage of $60,035. Every industry figure on this page is private sector; government employs a further 11,226 and is counted separately.
  • Economic scale: Regional GDP of $18B (2024).
  • Wage stratification: Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services averages $85,063 while Accommodation and Food Services averages $24,797, a 3.4x spread in the same local economy, with implications for workforce development and talent strategy.
Source: BLS QCEW + BEA Regional GDP.
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Industry Concentration

Location Quotient measures regional specialization vs. national average. LQ > 1.0 = concentrated.

Location Quotient Analysis

Chart source: BLS QCEW · broad NAICS supersector · private sector · Location Quotient vs. national private-sector employment share. The same supersector axes appear on every profile, so the shape can be compared across counties.
Concentrated Industries
List source: BLS QCEW · 3-digit NAICS sub-sector · private sector · Location Quotient vs. national private-sector employment share.
Same source and same private-sector basis as the Top Industries table above. These sit at a finer level than the chart's supersector axes, so the two sets of values are not directly comparable. The sub-sector view surfaces specialization the supersector view masks, such as Food Manufacturing here.
Food Manufacturing
10.83x
13,102
Machinery Manufacturing
4.00x
3,029
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
2.55x
3,090
Primary Metal Manufacturing
2.04x
516
Support Activities for Transportation
1.91x
1,069
Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing
1.65x
811
Truck Transportation
1.62x
1,671
Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing
1.56x
357
Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods
1.52x
2,292
Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related
1.50x
590

Cluster Depth

Source: BLS QCEW · Sub-sectors with LQ ≥ 1.5 indicate genuine cluster concentration
Concentrated Sub-Sectors
10 sub-sectors at LQ ≥ 1.5
Largest grouping among them is Manufacturing Cluster at 78.8% of the employment across all of them, which signals supply-chain fit for site selectors
26,527
Employment in the sub-sectors listed
10.83x
Peak sub-sector LQ
Sub-Sector Detail
Food Manufacturing
10.83x 13,102
Machinery Manufacturing
4.00x 3,029
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
2.55x 3,090
Primary Metal Manufacturing
2.04x 516
Support Activities for Transportation
1.91x 1,069
Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing
1.65x 811
Truck Transportation
1.62x 1,671
Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing
1.56x 357
Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods
1.52x 2,292
Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related
1.50x 590

Attraction Opportunities

LQ < 0.5 with ≥ 50 employed, screened against local siting constraints. Source: BLS QCEW
0.19x
Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry
50 employed
Land-extensive sector in a county with less land area than 80% of US counties.
0.19x
Securities, Commodity Contracts, Investments
143 employed
0.35x
Telecommunications
148 employed
0.37x
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
2,750 employed
0.38x
Utilities
153 employed
0.40x
Real Estate
490 employed
Screened on industrial power cost, rail-truck intermodal access, land base. Industrial electricity in Georgia costs 7.81¢/kWh against 8.62¢/kWh nationally (2025). Georgia has 11 rail-truck intermodal terminals, the nearest 50 miles from the county. Land area 392 sq mi, larger than 20% of US counties. Sources: EIA, BTS NTAD, Census Gazetteer.
Key Takeaways
  • Top specialization: Food Manufacturing concentrates at 10.83x the national norm, top-decile concentration, the kind of signature sector that defines a region's economic identity to site selectors.
  • Cluster depth: 10 sub-sectors register LQ ≥ 1.5, but 78.8% of the employment across them depends on one source of demand: goods manufacturing. Read the count as depth within that single demand base rather than as spread across separate ones.
  • Attraction whitespace: 6 sub-sectors register LQ < 0.5 with at least 50 employed, candidates for diversification or recruitment depending on labor-market fit.
Source: BLS QCEW sub-sector Location Quotients.
Hall County's Top Sectors by Workforce Share
Each rectangle's area is proportional to that sector's share of total private-sector employment across all NAICS supersectors. Hover for exact employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW 2024 Annual · Private sector, NAICS supersectors

Housing & Affordability

Census ACS · HUD Fair Market Rents FY2026

Housing Overview

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates · Tables B25001, B25077, B25064, B25004
$350,400 up from the baseline named below
Median Home Value vs 2019
$1,341 up from the baseline named below
Rent/Mo vs 2019
68.6% down from the baseline named below
Owner-Occ vs 2019
9.1% down from the baseline named below
Vacancy vs 2019
2.3% available
for rent or sale
4.3x
Home Value to Income Ratio
vs. ~4.1x national average

HUD Fair Market Rents

HUD publishes these by FMR area, which may cover more than one county · Source: HUD · Fair Market Rents FY2026 · Affordability threshold and renter cost burden from Census ACS B25119, B25070
Studio
$1,177/mo
1 Bedroom
$1,381/mo
2 Bedroom
$1,514/mo
3 Bedroom
$1,834/mo
4 Bedroom
$2,127/mo
30% of monthly median renter household income (~$1,374/mo, from a renter median of $54,942) · rents above this line are typically considered cost-burdened.
Measured: 49.1% of renter households already pay 30% or more of income on rent, and 23.1% pay 50% or more.
Key Takeaways
  • In line with national: Home value to income ratio of 4.3x sits near the ~4.1x national average; affordability is neither a clear advantage nor a recruitment friction.
  • Affordable rent tiers: 1 of 5 HUD Fair Market Rent bedroom sizes sit below what a household on the median renter income of $54,942 can pay without cost burden (~$1,374/mo), and 49.1% of renter households are measured as cost-burdened.
Source: Census ACS housing tables + HUD Fair Market Rents.

Workforce Pipeline

Labor force readiness, commuting, and workforce composition

Labor Market Overview

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Tables B01001, B23001, B23025, B08303, B08301
127,406 up from the baseline named below
Working Age (18-64) vs 2019
Mean Commute 1 min above national avg
27.3 min
Work From Home vs 15.1% national
11.9%
Prime-Age Employed (25-54)
79.4%
of prime-age population
Prime-age rate numerator is civilian employed (B23001); the denominator is total population aged 25-54 (B01001), which also includes armed forces.
Labor force participation rate: 63.6%, the labor force as a share of the population aged 16 and over (ACS B23025) 64% Participation
of population age 16 and over (168,392)
up from 2019 vs 2019

Education & Talent Pipeline

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · College Scorecard
Bachelor's+
27.3% up from 2019 vs 2019
HS Diploma+
81% up from 2019 vs 2019
Institutions in Hall County
3 institutions in Hall County reporting credentials to College Scorecard
Credentials awarded in Hall County
2,575/yr
Lanier Technical College 1,815/yr
Brenau University 753/yr
Interactive College of Technology-Gainesville 7/yr

Aging Workforce

Source: Census Bureau ACS · Derived from age & employment tables
20.7%
55-64 of working-age population (18-64)
Same cohort is 12.4% of total population, the basis used in the Demographics cohort chart.
Elevated retirement risk, above the 20% threshold. Succession planning recommended.

Workforce by Occupation

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table C24010 · Civilian employed population 16+
Management / Professional
34.1%
Service
15.4%
Sales & Office
20.2%
Construction / Maint.
11.7%
Production / Transport
18.7%
Bars are drawn on a 0% to 40% axis, so bar length is proportional to actual share. Labels give each group's share of 103,135 employed workers.
Key Takeaways
  • Healthy participation: 63.6% labor force participation reflects a steady, available local workforce.
  • Talent pipeline: 3 institutions in Hall County award 2,575 credentials a year. Employers drawing from a wider labor shed should read this alongside institutions outside the county, which this page does not aggregate.
Source: ACS workforce data and College Scorecard.

AI Insights

Sample output. Pulse AI analysis draws on 10 federal data sources.

Sample AI Insight

Hall County shows strong potential for food manufacturing attraction, with a 10.83x concentration and 13,102 jobs in this sub-sector. It ranks in the top decile nationally.

Most of the employment across the concentrated sub-sectors traces back to a single source of demand. Goods manufacturing accounts for 78.8% of it, with food manufacturing the largest single sub-sector at 49.4%. Recruitment that widens the demand base changes that exposure; recruitment inside the same base deepens it.

Industry Shift Analysis

Manufacturing Automation Risk
High
Healthcare Growth Forecast
+4.2% CAGR
Remote Work Migration
67/100

Prospect Match Scores

Advanced Manufacturing
92/100
Life Sciences
84/100
Data Centers
71/100
Illustrative example

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Data Sources

Updated from official federal government data.

Census ACS 5-Year2024
BLS QCEW2024 annual
BLS LAUS2025 annual
BEA Regional GDP2024
BEA Regional Price Parity2024
Census CBP2023
HUD Fair Market RentsFY2026
FCC Broadband Map2024
USAspending.govFY2026
College ScorecardAY 2022-23

American Community Survey figures on this page are 2020-2024 five-year averages rather than single-year counts. A five-year estimate pools 60 months of survey responses, so each value describes the period as a whole.

Frequently Asked Questions

Key economic and demographic figures for Hall County, Georgia, from federal data sources.

What is the population of Hall County, Georgia?

212,705 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).

What is the median household income in Hall County, Georgia?

$80,901 in nominal dollars (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates). Adjusted for local prices using the BEA all-items regional price parity for Gainesville, GA (96.8 against a national average of 100), that is $83,575 at national average prices. BEA publishes regional price parity at metro level; there is no county-level figure.

What is the unemployment rate in Hall County, Georgia?

2.8% (2025 annual average, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS).

What is the GDP of Hall County, Georgia?

$18B (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CAGDP2).