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Official Federal Data

Frederick County, Virginia

Winchester, VA-WV · Population 95,008
10 Sources Updated August 12, 2026
$97,606 up from the baseline named below
Median Income (nominal) vs 2019
$80,734 national
3.1% up from the baseline named below
Unemployment vs 2024
4.3% national
49,274
Labor Force
31.9% up from the baseline named below
Bachelor's+ vs 2019
35.7% national

Demographics & Population

Census Bureau American Community Survey 2020-2024 · 5-Year Estimates

Household Income

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
Median Household (nominal)
$97,606 up from 2019 vs 2019
Per Capita
$47,711 up from 2019 vs 2019
Mean Household
$122,937 up from 2019 vs 2019
Median Household (cost-of-living adjusted)
$101,251 metro RPP 96.4
Poverty Rate
6.8% up from 2019 vs 2019
Median Income Comparison
Frederick County$97,606
Virginia$93,170
National$80,734
Cost-of-living adjustment uses the BEA all-items regional price parity for Winchester, VA-WV, 96.4 against a national average of 100 (2024). BEA publishes regional price parity at state and metropolitan level only; there is no county figure, so the metro index stands in for Frederick County and the adjusted median is an approximation. Per capita and mean household income above are nominal and carry no adjustment.

Population Profile

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Table B01001, B02001, B03003
65+: 18.8% (17,831 residents) 55-64: 13.6% (12,959 residents) 35-54: 25.4% (24,155 residents) 18-34: 19.5% (18,539 residents) Under 18: 22.7% (21,524 residents) 41 Median Age
CohortsShare of total population
Under 18 · 22.7%
18-34 · 19.5%
35-54 · 25.4%
55-64 · 13.6%
65+ · 18.8%
Race & Ethnicity
White79.6%
Two or More Races7%
Some Other Race6.3%
Black or African American4.5%
Asian2%
American Indian and Alaska Native0.6%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander0%
Hispanic or Latino(any race)12.5%
Hispanic or Latino is an ethnic category and overlaps with the race categories above.

Educational Attainment

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · Population 25+
89.9%
High School+
National: 89.6%
up from national +0.3 pts vs national
31.9%
Bachelor's+
National: 35.7%
down from national 3.8 pts vs national
12.8%
Graduate+
National: 14.1%
down from national 1.3 pts vs national

Employment Overview

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
95,008
Population
49,274
Labor Force
Employed
46,732
Unemployment Rate BLS LAUS 2025 annual
3.1% up from 2024 +0.4 pts vs 2024
Mean Commute 6 min above national avg
32.4 min
Work From Home vs 15.1% national
12.3%
Labor Force and Employed are ACS 5-Year survey estimates; the Unemployment Rate above comes from BLS LAUS, a separate monthly survey with its own methodology. The two won't reconcile by subtracting one from the other.
Key Takeaways
  • Income premium: Households earn well above the national median, supporting strong retail and housing markets.
  • Cost of living stretches income further: Local prices run 3.6% below the national average, so the nominal median of $97,606 is worth $101,251 at national average prices. BEA publishes price parity at metro level, not county level.

Economy & Industry

Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW · Bureau of Economic Analysis

Top Private-Sector Industries by Employment

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics · Quarterly Census of Employment & Wages 2025 Annual · Private sector only, with government shown below
Top private-sector industries by employment in Frederick County, Virginia, with employment, share of top sectors, and average wage. Government employment is excluded and reported separately below the table.
IndustryEmploymentShare of Top 10Avg Wage
1Manufacturing
6,335 21.9%
$78,616
2Transportation and Warehousing
4,453 15.4%
$51,139
3Retail Trade
4,398 15.2%
$42,672
4Finance and Insurance
2,953 10.2%
$84,944
5Accommodation and Food Services
2,448 8.5%
$26,447
6Construction
2,311 8.0%
$68,377
7Health Care and Social Assistance
2,071 7.2%
$60,497
8Administrative and Support and Waste Management
1,780 6.2%
$40,871
9Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
1,220 4.2%
$89,010
10Other Services (except Public Administration)
893 3.1%
$51,726
Government employment · context only
5,597

Public-sector jobs are not in the table above and are not part of any share or location quotient on this page. Both are measured on the private economy only, 32,696 private jobs in 2025: every location quotient divides by that total, and the Share of Top 10 column divides by the 10 sectors listed above. Private employment is the standard basis for measuring industry concentration because government employment mostly serves the resident population rather than an outside market. Nothing on this card is expected to add up with the government figure.

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Key Takeaways
  • Largest private-sector industry: Manufacturing employs 6,335 workers (21.9% of tracked sectors), at an average wage of $78,616. Every industry figure on this page is private sector; government employs a further 5,597 and is counted separately.
  • Wage stratification: Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services averages $89,010 while Accommodation and Food Services averages $26,447, a 3.4x spread in the same local economy, with implications for workforce development and talent strategy.
Source: BLS QCEW.
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Industry Concentration

Location Quotient measures regional specialization vs. national average. LQ > 1.0 = concentrated.

Location Quotient Analysis

Chart source: BLS QCEW · broad NAICS supersector · private sector · Location Quotient vs. national private-sector employment share. The same supersector axes appear on every profile, so the shape can be compared across counties.
Concentrated Industries
List source: BLS QCEW · 3-digit NAICS sub-sector · private sector · Location Quotient vs. national private-sector employment share.
Same source and same private-sector basis as the Top Industries table above. These sit at a finer level than the chart's supersector axes, so the two sets of values are not directly comparable. The sub-sector view surfaces specialization the supersector view masks, such as Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing here.
Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing
12.78x
2,198
Warehousing and Storage
5.39x
2,514
Credit Intermediation and Related Activities
4.41x
2,775
Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing
4.23x
430
Couriers and Messengers
4.00x
1,102
Food Manufacturing
3.82x
1,663
Gasoline Stations and Fuel Dealers
2.65x
681
Printing and Related Support Activities
2.08x
176
Truck Transportation
1.97x
716
Building Material and Garden Supply Retailers
1.94x
653
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
1.86x
653
Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods
1.57x
1,312
General Merchandise Retailers
1.56x
1,239

Cluster Depth

Source: BLS QCEW · Sub-sectors with LQ ≥ 1.5 indicate genuine cluster concentration
Concentrated Sub-Sectors
13 sub-sectors at LQ ≥ 1.5
Largest grouping among them is Manufacturing Cluster at 31.8% of the employment across all of them, which signals supply-chain fit for site selectors
12,908
Employment in the sub-sectors listed
12.78x
Peak sub-sector LQ
Sub-Sector Detail, Highest 10 By LQ
Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing
12.78x 2,198
Warehousing and Storage
5.39x 2,514
Credit Intermediation and Related Activities
4.41x 2,775
Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing
4.23x 430
Couriers and Messengers
4.00x 1,102
Food Manufacturing
3.82x 1,663
Gasoline Stations and Fuel Dealers
2.65x 681
Printing and Related Support Activities
2.08x 176
Truck Transportation
1.97x 716
Building Material and Garden Supply Retailers
1.94x 653
+ 3 more sub-sectors at LQ ≥ 1.5, holding a further 3,204 jobs not counted in the total above. See the spider chart for the broader picture.

Attraction Opportunities

LQ < 0.5 with ≥ 50 employed, screened against local siting constraints. Source: BLS QCEW
0.24x
Insurance Carriers and Related Activities
151 employed
0.26x
Clothing, Clothing Accessories, Shoe, and Jewelry Retailers
72 employed
0.26x
Educational Services
207 employed
0.27x
Ambulatory Health Care Services
607 employed
Screened on industrial power cost, rail-truck intermodal access, land base. Industrial electricity in Virginia costs 9.45¢/kWh against 8.62¢/kWh nationally (2025). Virginia has 7 rail-truck intermodal terminals, the nearest 16 miles from the county. Land area 413 sq mi, larger than 24% of US counties. Sources: EIA, BTS NTAD, Census Gazetteer.
Key Takeaways
  • Top specialization: Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing concentrates at 12.78x the national norm, top-decile concentration, the kind of signature sector that defines a region's economic identity to site selectors.
  • Cluster depth: 13 sub-sectors register LQ ≥ 1.5, and no single source of demand accounts for more than 35% of the employment across them, the largest being freight and distribution. Demand reaches this base from more than one market rather than from a single one.
  • Attraction whitespace: 4 sub-sectors register LQ < 0.5 with at least 50 employed, candidates for diversification or recruitment depending on labor-market fit.
Source: BLS QCEW sub-sector Location Quotients.
Frederick County's Top Sectors by Workforce Share
Each rectangle's area is proportional to that sector's share of total private-sector employment across all NAICS supersectors. Hover for exact employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW 2025 Annual · Private sector, NAICS supersectors

Housing & Affordability

Census ACS · HUD Fair Market Rents FY2026

Housing Overview

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates · Tables B25001, B25077, B25064, B25004
$386,000 up from the baseline named below
Median Home Value vs 2019
$1,507 up from the baseline named below
Rent/Mo vs 2019
79.3% up from the baseline named below
Owner-Occ vs 2019
5.1% down from the baseline named below
Vacancy vs 2019
0.9% available
for rent or sale
4.0x
Home Value to Income Ratio
vs. ~4.1x national average

HUD Fair Market Rents

HUD publishes these by FMR area, which may cover more than one county · Source: HUD · Fair Market Rents FY2026 · Affordability threshold and renter cost burden from Census ACS B25119, B25070
Studio
$1,133/mo
1 Bedroom
$1,255/mo
2 Bedroom
$1,573/mo
3 Bedroom
$1,965/mo
4 Bedroom
$2,639/mo
30% of monthly median renter household income (~$1,558/mo, from a renter median of $62,306) · rents above this line are typically considered cost-burdened.
Measured: 39.8% of renter households already pay 30% or more of income on rent, and 15% pay 50% or more.
Key Takeaways
  • In line with national: Home value to income ratio of 4.0x sits near the ~4.1x national average; affordability is neither a clear advantage nor a recruitment friction.
  • High home ownership: 79.3% owner-occupied; rental supply may be tight for incoming workers.
  • Affordable rent tiers: 2 of 5 HUD Fair Market Rent bedroom sizes sit below what a household on the median renter income of $62,306 can pay without cost burden (~$1,558/mo), and 39.8% of renter households are measured as cost-burdened.
Source: Census ACS housing tables + HUD Fair Market Rents.

Workforce Pipeline

Labor force readiness, commuting, and workforce composition

Labor Market Overview

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Tables B01001, B23001, B23025, B08303, B08301
55,653 up from the baseline named below
Working Age (18-64) vs 2019
Mean Commute 6 min above national avg
32.4 min
Work From Home vs 15.1% national
12.3%
Prime-Age Employed (25-54)
81.8%
of prime-age population
Prime-age rate numerator is civilian employed (B23001); the denominator is total population aged 25-54 (B01001), which also includes armed forces.
Labor force participation rate: 64.9%, the labor force as a share of the population aged 16 and over (ACS B23025) 65% Participation
of population age 16 and over (75,958)
unchanged from 2019 vs 2019

Education & Talent Pipeline

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · College Scorecard
Bachelor's+
31.9% up from 2019 vs 2019
HS Diploma+
89.9% up from 2019 vs 2019
Institutions in Frederick County
1 institution in Frederick County reporting credentials to College Scorecard
Credentials awarded in Frederick County
1,392/yr
Laurel Ridge Community College 1,392/yr

Aging Workforce

Source: Census Bureau ACS · Derived from age & employment tables
23.3%
55-64 of working-age population (18-64)
Same cohort is 13.6% of total population, the basis used in the Demographics cohort chart.
Elevated retirement risk, above the 20% threshold. Succession planning recommended.

Workforce by Occupation

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table C24010 · Civilian employed population 16+
Management / Professional
41.8%
Service
15.3%
Sales & Office
19.6%
Construction / Maint.
10.4%
Production / Transport
12.9%
Bars are drawn on a 0% to 60% axis, so bar length is proportional to actual share. Labels give each group's share of 46,732 employed workers.
Key Takeaways
  • Succession risk is real: 23.3% of working-age residents are 55-64. Plan for retirements over the next decade and pair attraction strategy with talent retention.
  • Healthy participation: 64.9% labor force participation reflects a steady, available local workforce.
  • Talent pipeline: 1 institution in Frederick County awards 1,392 credentials a year. Employers drawing from a wider labor shed should read this alongside institutions outside the county, which this page does not aggregate.
Source: ACS workforce data and College Scorecard.

AI Insights

Sample output. Pulse AI analysis draws on 10 federal data sources.

Sample AI Insight

Frederick County shows strong potential for plastics and rubber products manufacturing attraction, with a 12.78x concentration and 2,198 jobs in this sub-sector. It ranks in the top decile nationally. Near-term succession risk is elevated, with 23.3% of the working-age population within 10 years of retirement age.

The concentrated base spans plastics and rubber products manufacturing, warehousing and storage, and credit intermediation and related activities, and no single source of demand accounts for more than 35% of the employment across them, the largest being freight and distribution. Supply-chain recruitment has more than one demand base to work from.

Industry Shift Analysis

Manufacturing Automation Risk
High
Healthcare Growth Forecast
+4.2% CAGR
Remote Work Migration
67/100

Prospect Match Scores

Advanced Manufacturing
92/100
Life Sciences
84/100
Data Centers
71/100
Illustrative example

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Data Sources

Updated from official federal government data.

Census ACS 5-Year2024
BLS QCEW2025 annual
BLS LAUS2025 annual
BEA Regional GDP2024
BEA Regional Price Parity2024
Census CBP2023
HUD Fair Market RentsFY2026
FCC Broadband Map2024
USAspending.govFY2026
College ScorecardAY 2022-23

American Community Survey figures on this page are 2020-2024 five-year averages rather than single-year counts. A five-year estimate pools 60 months of survey responses, so each value describes the period as a whole.

Frequently Asked Questions

Key economic and demographic figures for Frederick County, Virginia, from federal data sources.

What is the population of Frederick County, Virginia?

95,008 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).

What is the median household income in Frederick County, Virginia?

$97,606 in nominal dollars (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates). Adjusted for local prices using the BEA all-items regional price parity for Winchester, VA-WV (96.4 against a national average of 100), that is $101,251 at national average prices. BEA publishes regional price parity at metro level; there is no county-level figure.

What is the unemployment rate in Frederick County, Virginia?

3.1% (2025 annual average, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS).