Union County, Kentucky

• Income gap: Households earn meaningfully less than the national median, which directly affects retail demand, housing absorption, and tax base.
• Below the state median: Median household income runs $3,399 (5.3%) under the Kentucky median, so statewide income averages overstate local household buying power.
• Cost of living stretches income further: Local prices run 9.8% below the national average, so the nominal median of $60,327 is worth $66,881 at national average prices. BEA publishes price parity at state level, not county level.
• Elevated poverty: At 18.4%, the rate is in economically distressed territory and supports federal funding narratives (CDFI, NMTC, EDA).
• Talent gap: Bachelor's-or-higher attainment trails the national average by 22.6 pts, relevant for advanced-services attraction strategy.
• Aging population: Median age of 42 is materially above the U.S. norm; succession planning and senior-services demand are real factors.

• Largest private-sector industry: Manufacturing employs 916 workers (34.6% of tracked sectors), at an average wage of $59,267. Every industry figure on this page is private sector; government employs a further 712 and is counted separately.
• Economic scale: Regional GDP of $1.1B (2024).
• Wage stratification: Finance and Insurance averages $85,824 while Accommodation and Food Services averages $17,373, a 4.9x spread in the same local economy, with implications for workforce development and talent strategy.

• Top specialization: Crop Production concentrates at 4.63x the national norm, strong concentration that anchors the local economy and supports supply-chain attraction strategy.
• Cluster depth: 6 sub-sectors register LQ ≥ 1.5, and no single source of demand accounts for more than 37.5% of the employment across them, the largest being resident household spending. Demand reaches this base from more than one market rather than from a single one.

• Affordable market: Home value to income ratio of 1.7x is well below the ~4.1x national average; supports talent attraction and family settlement narratives.
• High home ownership: 70.2% owner-occupied; rental supply may be tight for incoming workers.
• Elevated vacancy: 11.1% of housing units are vacant, above the Kentucky rate of 10.3%, and down from 14% in 2019.
• Vacancy composition: the largest vacancy category is other vacant at 66.4% of vacant units, with seasonal and recreational use at 9%.
• Genuinely available supply: units listed for rent or for sale are 21.8% of the vacant stock, or 2.4% of all housing units against the 11.1% headline vacancy rate. Absorbable supply for an incoming employer is thin, and the gap between the two is the redevelopment and conversion opportunity.
• Affordable rent tiers: 3 of 5 HUD Fair Market Rent bedroom sizes sit below what a household on the median renter income of $37,206 can pay without cost burden (~$930/mo), and 29.6% of renter households are measured as cost-burdened.

• Succession risk is real: 24.3% of working-age residents are 55-64. Plan for retirements over the next decade and pair attraction strategy with talent retention.
• Low participation: 52.5% labor force participation. The labor force itself fell 11.5% between 2019 and 2024, from 6,551 to 5,795.
• Talent pipeline: no college, university, or technical school is located in Union County per the IPEDS institutional directory, so any training pipeline serving it runs through institutions outside the county.

Union County shows meaningful potential for crop production attraction, with a 4.63x concentration and 84 jobs in this sub-sector. Near-term succession risk is elevated, with 24.3% of the working-age population within 10 years of retirement age.

The concentrated base spans crop production, food manufacturing, and gasoline stations and fuel dealers, and no single source of demand accounts for more than 37.5% of the employment across them, the largest being resident household spending. Supply-chain recruitment has more than one demand base to work from.