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Québec

Population 9,058,297
13 Sources Updated June 22, 2026
9.1M
Population
$72,500
Median Income (CAD)
$84,000 national
5.4%
Unemployment
$616.8B
Provincial GDP (CAD)
4.6M
Total Employment
22%
Bachelor's+
25% national
Community Data / Canada / Québec

Economic Regions

Québec is divided into 17 economic regions. Click any region to explore its profile.

Demographics & Population

Statistics Canada · 2021 Census of Population

Household Income

Source: Statistics Canada · 2021 Census of Population
Median Household Income
$72,500
Poverty Rate (LIM-AT)
11.6%
Low Income Measure, after tax · Québec 2024 · Canada: 12.5%
Median Income Comparison (CAD)
Québec$72,500
National$84,000

Community Snapshot

Source: Statistics Canada · 2021 Census of Population
9,058,297
Population
4,050,164
Total Dwellings
Total Employment
4,593,100
Unemployment Rate StatCan LFS 2024 annual
5.4% +0.9 pts YoY
Industry Sectors
9
Age Distribution
0-14: 15.2% (1,376,317 residents) 15-54: 50.3% (4,555,586 residents) 55-64 (near retirement): 12.8% (1,161,942 residents) 65+: 21.7% (1,964,452 residents) 42.8 Avg Age
0-14: 1,376,317
15-54: 4,555,586
55-64: 1,161,942
65+: 1,964,452
Indigenous Identity
2.5% identify as Indigenous
First Nations 1.4%
Métis 0.7%
Indigenous responses, n.i.e. 0.1%
Indigenous identity per Statistics Canada Census 2021 (Table 98-10-0293): First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuk (Inuit), plus multiple and other Indigenous responses. Counts use census random rounding, so categories may not sum exactly to the total.
Québec's median household income sits 14% below the Canadian national median, with 9,058,297 residents and a senior-skewed population structure (65+: 21.7%, 0-14: 15.2%). Bachelor's-or-higher attainment of 22%.
Source: Statistics Canada 2021 Census of Population via CensusMapper.ca
Key Takeaways
  • Income gap: Households earn meaningfully less than the Canadian median, affecting consumer market depth.
  • Aging population: Seniors (65+) outnumber youth (0-14); plan for succession and senior-services demand.

Educational Attainment

Source: Statistics Canada · Table 37-10-0130 · Québec province-wide (ages 25-64)
91%
High School+
Canada: 93%
2.0 pts
22%
Bachelor's+
Canada: 25%
3.0 pts
13%
Graduate+
Canada: 14%
1.0 pts

Economy & Industry

Statistics Canada · Labour Force Survey · Provincial GDP

$616.8B
Provincial Gross Domestic Product (CAD)
Source: Statistics Canada · Provincial Economic Accounts
4,593,100
Total Employment
$72,500
Median Income
4,593,100
Total Employment
Source: StatCan Labour Force Survey
$72,500
Median Income (CAD)
Source: Statistics Canada · 2021 Census

Top Industries by Employment

Source: Statistics Canada · Labour Force Survey
IndustryEmployment% of Top Sectors
1Health care and social assistance		 670,600 17.9%
2Wholesale and retail trade		 656,100 17.6%
3Manufacturing		 497,100 13.3%
4Professional, scientific and technical services		 384,100 10.3%
5Educational services		 378,600 10.1%
6Construction		 320,300 8.6%
7Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing		 297,000 7.9%
8Public administration		 290,500 7.8%
9Accommodation and food services		 243,400 6.5%
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Key Takeaways
  • Largest sector: Health care and social assistance employs 670,600 workers (17.9% of the tracked sectors).
  • Economic scale: Provincial GDP of $616.8B CAD.
  • Diversified base: Top 5 sectors are Health care and social assistance, Wholesale and retail trade, Manufacturing, Professional, scientific and technical services, and Educational services.
Source: Statistics Canada Labour Force Survey + Provincial Economic Accounts.
Industry Employment Composition
Québec's Top Sectors by Workforce Share
Each rectangle's area is proportional to that sector's share of the top sectors. Hover for exact employment.
Source: Statistics Canada Labour Force Survey · NAICS supersectors

Housing & Rental Market

Statistics Canada Table 34-10-0133 (Rents) - Table 34-10-0127 (Vacancy) - Reference year 2025 - Provincial average across CMHC-surveyed centres

Note: figures are single-year vintages. StatCan and CMHC do not publish ACS-style rolling 5-year housing averages, the long-form Census of Population every 5 years (2016, 2021) plays the equivalent precision role.

CMHC Average Rents by Bedroom

Source: Statistics Canada Table 34-10-0133 - 2025
16.9%
Annual Rent (2BR) as % of Median Household Income - Affordable
30% threshold = "cost-burdened" (CMHC / HUD convention). Computed from $1,022 average 2BR rent × 12 / $72,500 household income.
Bachelor
$669/mo
1 Bedroom
$811/mo
2 Bedroom
$1,022/mo
3+ Bedroom
$1,123/mo
30% of monthly median household income (~$1,812/mo), rents above this line are typically considered cost-burdened.

Vacancy & Housing Stock

Source: Statistics Canada Table 34-10-0127 - 2021 Census Dwellings
3%
CMHC Vacancy Rate (apartment structures of 6+ units)
Near the 3% balanced-market benchmark.
Total Dwellings
4,050,164
Avg 2BR Rent
$1,022/mo
Vacancy Rate
3%
Key Takeaways
  • Affordable rental market: Annual 2BR rent eats 16.9% of median household income, well below the 30% threshold.
Source: CMHC RMS rent data and StatCan median household income.

Industry Concentration

Location Quotient: industries where Québec over- or under-indexes vs. the Canadian national average

Concentrated Industries
Source: Statistics Canada Table 33-10-0222-01 · 3-digit NAICS sub-sector, establishment basis, LQ computed vs. national share. Note: LFS-based or SEPH-based employment LQ may differ, StatCan publishes household and payroll employment series with different methodologies.
Clothing manufacturing
2.26x
615
Animal production and aquaculture
1.81x
5,806
Leather and allied product manufacturing
1.76x
67
Petroleum and coal product manufacturing
1.67x
127
Transit and ground passenger transportation
1.62x
1,379
Furniture and related product manufacturing
1.61x
1,315
Paper manufacturing
1.58x
182
Textile mills
1.56x
89

Attraction Opportunities - Below Average Industries

LQ < 0.5, below-average sub-sector representation vs. national. Source: Statistics Canada Table 33-10-0222-01 (NAICS-3 establishments)
0.02x
Oil and gas extraction
5 establishments
0.13x
Support activities for mining, and oil and gas extraction
173 establishments
0.31x
Aboriginal public administration
56 establishments
0.35x
Pipeline transportation
13 establishments
Key Takeaways
  • Top specialization: Clothing manufacturing concentrates at 2.26x the national norm.
  • Cluster depth: 8 sectors register LQ >= 1.5, suggesting an interconnected industrial base.
  • Attraction whitespace: 4 sectors register LQ < 0.5, candidates for diversification.
Source: StatCan Table 33-10-0222-01 (NAICS-3 sub-sector establishment counts).

Workforce & Labour

Labour force composition from Statistics Canada population estimates and employment data

Source: StatCan Table 17-10-0137
5,717,528
Working Age (15-64)
Employment rate: 80% of working-age population (15-64) 80% Employment Rate

Labour Summary

Source: StatCan LFS + Population Estimates
Total Employment
4,593,100
Working Age Pop
5,717,528
Youth (0-14)
1,376,317
Seniors (65+)
1,964,452

Dependency & Aging

Source: StatCan population estimates
21.7%
Seniors (65+) Share
Senior population exceeds youth, aging workforce risk. Succession planning and talent attraction recommended.
Youth / Senior Ratio
70:100

Aging Workforce

Source: StatCan 17-10-0150 · Population estimates by age
20.3%
55-64 of working-age (15-64)
Elevated retirement risk, above the 20% threshold. Succession planning recommended.

Workforce by Occupation

Source: Statistics Canada Table 14-10-0416 NOC 2021 broad categories (2025)
Management / Professional
58.4%
Sales & Service
21.1%
Trades / Transport
15%
Natural Resources
1.2%
Manufacturing
4.3%
Bars scaled 2x for visual differentiation; percentage labels show actual share of 4,644,800 employed workers.

Commute

Source: StatCan 2021 Census Table 98-10-0457
Mean Commute 0.1 min below national avg
23.6 min

Work From Home

Source: StatCan 2021 Census Table 98-10-0455
Worked At Home vs 24.3% national
21.9%
Census 2021 long-form: percent of employed labour force aged 15+ whose place of work is "at home".
Key Takeaways
  • Working-age base: 5,717,528 residents aged 15-64 (63.1% of total population) form the labour pool.
  • Employment rate: 80% of working-age residents are employed (4,593,100 workers).
  • Succession risk: Seniors (65+) outnumber youth (0-14); plan for retirements and pair attraction strategy with talent retention.
Source: Statistics Canada Census 2021 + Labour Force Survey.

Economic Regions

17 economic regions in Québec

Abitibi-Témiscamingue Bas-Saint-Laurent Capitale-Nationale Centre-du-Québec Chaudière-Appalaches Côte-Nord Estrie Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine Lanaudière Laurentides Laval Mauricie Montérégie Montréal Nord-du-Québec Outaouais Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean

AI Insights

AI-assisted analysis, drawn from 13 Canadian data sources

Sample AI Insight

Québec's industrial base is anchored by Health care and social assistance with 670,600 workers, followed by Wholesale and retail trade and Manufacturing. The province skews older: seniors outnumber youth, which has implications for succession planning and workforce transition strategy.

Industry Shift Analysis

Manufacturing Automation Risk
High
Healthcare Growth Forecast
+4.2% CAGR
Remote Work Migration
67/100

Prospect Match Scores

Advanced Manufacturing
92/100
Life Sciences
84/100
Data Centers
71/100
Illustrative example

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Data Sources

Updated from official Canadian government data.

Statistics Canada Census 20212021
StatCan Labour Force Survey2025
StatCan LFS Unemployment Rate (14-10-0393)2024
StatCan GDP Tables2024
CMHC Rental Market2025
StatCan Education (37-10-0130)2025
StatCan Population (17-10-0150)2025
StatCan Top Occupations (14-10-0416)2025
StatCan Commute (98-10-0457)2021
StatCan Place of Work (98-10-0455)2021
StatCan Low Income (11-10-0135)2024
StatCan Visible Minority (98-10-0351)2021
StatCan Indigenous Identity (98-10-0293)2021

Frequently Asked Questions

Key economic and demographic figures for Québec, from Statistics Canada and federal sources.

What is the population of Québec?

9,058,297 (Statistics Canada, Population Estimates 17-10-0150).

What is the median household income in Québec?

$72,500 (Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population).

What is the unemployment rate in Québec?

5.4% (Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey 14-10-0393).

What is the GDP of Québec?

$616.8B CAD (Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0222).